What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes.
Jun Zhang,Kai F. Yu +1 more
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TLDR
This work proposes a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk.Abstract:
Logistic regression is used frequently in cohort studies and clinical trials. When the incidence of an outcome of interest is common in the study population (>10%), the adjusted odds ratio derived from the logistic regression can no longer approximate the risk ratio. The more frequent the outcome, the more the odds ratio overestimates the risk ratio when it is more than 1 or underestimates it when it is less than 1. We propose a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk.read more
Citations
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A Modified Poisson Regression Approach to Prospective Studies with Binary Data
TL;DR: Results from a limited simulation study indicate that this approach is very reliable even with total sample sizes as small as 100, and the method is illustrated with two data sets.
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Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries
Robert E. Black,Cesar G. Victora,Susan P. Walker,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Parul Christian,Mercedes de Onis,Majid Ezzati,Sally Grantham-McGregor,Sally Grantham-McGregor,Joanne Katz,Reynaldo Martorell,Ricardo Uauy +11 more
TL;DR: It is estimated that undernutrition in the aggregate--including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding--is a cause of 3·1 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.
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The Disease Burden Associated with Overweight and Obesity
Aviva Must,Jennifer L. Spadano,Eugenie Coakley,Alison E. Field,Graham A. Colditz,William H. Dietz +5 more
TL;DR: A graded increase in the prevalence ratio (PR) was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all of the health outcomes except for coronary heart disease in men and high blood cholesterol level in both men and women.
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Treatment of Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Induced Hypothermia
A. B Ernard,Imothy W. G Ray,D. B Uist,M. J Ones,W Illiam S Ilvester,G Eoff G Utteridge,K Aren S Mith +6 more
TL;DR: This randomized, controlled trial compared the effects of moderate hypothermia and normothermia in patients who remained unconscious after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to survive to hospital discharge and be discharged to home or to a rehabilitation facility.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest
Michael Holzer,Fritz Sterz,J. M. Darby,S. A. Padosch,Karl B. Kern,Bernd W. Böttiger,Kees H. Polderman,Armand R. J. Girbes,Michael Holzer,Stephen Bernard,M. D. Buist,Peter Safar,Patrick M. Kochanek +12 more
TL;DR: In patients who have been successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, therapeutic mild hypothermia increased the rate of a favorable neurologic outcome and reduced mortality.
References
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Book
Applied Logistic Regression
David W. Hosmer,Stanley Lemeshow +1 more
TL;DR: Hosmer and Lemeshow as discussed by the authors provide an accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Applied Logistic Regression.
TL;DR: Applied Logistic Regression, Third Edition provides an easily accessible introduction to the logistic regression model and highlights the power of this model by examining the relationship between a dichotomous outcome and a set of covariables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease
Nathan Mantel,William Haenszel +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role and limitations of retrospective investigations of factors possibly associated with the occurrence of a disease are discussed and their relationship to forward-type studies emphasized, and examples of situations in which misleading associations could arise through the use of inappropriate control groups are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Binomial regression in glim: estimating risk ratios and risk differences
TL;DR: Macros for use with the program GLIM provide a simple method to compute parameters other than the odds ratio while adjusting for confounding factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinically useful measures of effect in binary analyses of randomized trials
TL;DR: This work compares the estimators of treatment effect derived from a single trial and from meta-analysis of a group of trials with respect to the clinically relevant information conveyed to physicians, and identifies which clinical questions can and cannot be answered directly by each.