Book•
When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry
01 Jan 2003-
TL;DR: In this paper, a profile of returning prisoners is presented, along with a discussion of the changing nature of Parole Supervision and Services, and the role of the victim's role in prisoner reentry.
Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Who's Coming Home? A Profile of Returning Prisoners 3. The Origins and Evolution of Modern Parole 4. The Changing Nature of Parole Supervision and Services 5. How We Help: Preparing Inmates for Release 6. How We Hinder: Legal and Practical Barriers to Reintegration 7. Revolving Door Justice: Inmate Release and Recidivism 8. The Victim's Role in Prisoner Reentry 9. What to Do? Reforming Parole and Reentry Practices 10. Conclusions: When Punitive Policies Backfire Afterword
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TL;DR: The authors argued that discretionary parole is the lynchpin to improved correctional practice and that calls to abolish discretionary parole have failed to consider its potential to steer correctional agendas toward sustainable evidence-based practices (EBPs) and effective reentry/transitional services.
Abstract: This article argues that discretionary parole is the lynchpin to improved correctional practice. Calls to abolish discretionary parole have failed to consider its potential to steer correctional agendas toward sustainable evidence-based practices (EBPs) and effective reentry/transitional services. The history of corrections and parole is marked by tension between the goals of warehousing and correcting prisoners. Notwithstanding a growing body of impressive research that clarifies the importance of the implementation of EBPs to recidivism reduction, their ubiquitous implementation has been impeded by structural flaws within correctional organizations. Moreover, corrections practitioners and scholars have not addressed issues related to the professional competency of discretionary parole authorities as well as their potential to serve as a protective organizational factor that promotes offender rehabilitation and reintegration.
13 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between social interactions with cellmates and reoffending behaviors in an adult prisoner population in the United States using a unique dataset assembled from the administrative databases of the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections.
Abstract: Title of dissertation: DO CELLMATES MATTER? A STUDY OF PRISON PEER EFFECTS UNDER ESSENTIAL HETEROGENEITY Heather Michele Harris, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Dissertation directed by: Professor Peter Reuter School of Public Policy Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice This study examines prison peer effects in an adult prison population in the United States using a unique dataset assembled from the administrative databases of the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. The members of a first-time prison release cohort were identified and matched to each of the cellmates with whom they shared a double cell. These data were then linked to arrest history data from the Pennsylvania State Police. Criminological theories of social influence expect unobserved and difficult to quantify factors, such as criminality, to affect criminal behavior both independently and through intermediate decisions, including the choice to maintain prison peer associations. Those theories, therefore, implicitly assume the presence of essential heterogeneity, which helps to account for the response heterogeneity observed in studies of social influence. This study introduces the concept of essential heterogeneity to criminology and is the first to apply a method to address it, local instrumental variables, to estimate causal social interaction effects. The analyses presented in this study demonstrate that there is considerable response heterogeneity in prison peer effects. That response heterogeneity is attributable to essential heterogeneity, as implicitly expected by criminological learning theories. However, the null average effects estimated do not accord with the predictions of criminological learning theories, including differential association, balance, and prisonization theories, each of which expects peers who are, on average, more criminally experienced to exert criminogenic effects. The presence of essential heterogeneity indicates that estimating average prison peer effects does little to adequately characterize the relationship between social interactions with cellmates and releasee reoffending behaviors. Within the null average prison peer effect estimates lies tremendous variation in marginal prison peer effects. Some marginal prison peer effects are significantly criminogenic, while others are significantly crimino-suppressive. That substantial variation in the measured effect of prison peers on reoffending persists despite rigorous analysis and the inclusion of robust theoretically relevant controls suggests that future work should focus on creating constructs more appropriate to the task of determining who is harmed and who is helped as a result of interactions with prison peers. DO CELLMATES MATTER? A STUDY OF PRISON PEER EFFECTS UNDER ESSENTIAL HETEROGENEITY
13 citations
Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."
...Parole violations may be a result of new criminal offenses or they may be a result of failures to comply with the provisions of parole (Petersilia, 2003; Grattet et al., 2009- 2011; Maruschak & Bonczar, 2013)....
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...Parole violations may be a result of new criminal offenses or they may be a result of failures to comply with the provisions of parole (Petersilia, 2003; Grattet et al., 20092011; Maruschak & Bonczar, 2013)....
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Book•
11 Mar 2021TL;DR: Bergman and Fondevila as mentioned in this paper examined Latin America's prison crisis and the failure of mass incarceration policies, highlighting the impacts of internal drug markets and the dramatic increase in the number of imprisoned women.
Abstract: This groundbreaking work examines Latin America's prison crisis and the failure of mass incarceration policies. As crime rates rose over the past few decades, policy makers adopted incarceration as the primary response to public outcry. Yet, as the number of inmates increased, crime rates only continued to grow. Presenting new cross-national data based on extensive surveys of inmates throughout the region, this book explains the transformation of prisons from instruments of incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation to drivers of violence and criminality. Bergman and Fondevila highlight the impacts of internal drug markets and the dramatic increase in the number of imprisoned women. Furthermore, they show how prisons are not isolated from society - they are sites of active criminal networks, with many inmates maintaining fluid criminal connections with the outside world. Rather than reducing crime, prisons have become an integral part of the crime problem in Latin America.
13 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: For example, the authors describes Parolees Participating in an Adult Basic Education and Work Skills Program by Charles Jenkins, Sr. MSET, DeVry University, 2012 MEd, Liberty University, 2009 BS, Southern Illinois University, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Learning, Instruction, and Innovation
Abstract: Recent Parolees Participating in an Adult Basic Education and Work Skills Program by Charles Jenkins, Sr. MSET, DeVry University, 2012 MEd, Liberty University, 2009 BS, Southern Illinois University, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Learning, Instruction, and Innovation
12 citations
Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."
...and 75 percent of the prior incarcerated individual remain unemployed for at least two years after being released from prison (Petersilia, 2003)....
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...Evidence showed that between 60 and 75 percent of the prior incarcerated individual remain unemployed for at least two years after being released from prison (Petersilia, 2003)....
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Dissertation•
01 Feb 2017
TL;DR: The authors argue for a feminist approach to desistance, which recognises that a huge proportion of women in the CJS stem from backgrounds of abuse, economic disadvantage and alcohol, drug and mental health issues.
Abstract: Criminological theory and research has historically focused on explaining how people get into crime and much less on how and why they stop, despite the perennial finding that most of those with convictions do eventually stop offending. The very meaning of ‘desistance’ however has been much contested, yet has broadly been linked with themes such as maturity, adult social bonds, agency, identity and hope (Bottoms et al, 2004). Even more concerning, however, is the further marginalisation of already marginalised groups within the vast majority of desistance literature. The bulk of research in this area can be noted for the salience of the white, male perspective of offending trajectories. By revisiting maturational, social bonds and subjective theories of desistance through the eyes of women traveling desistance journeys, as well as considering current criminal justice approaches, this thesis gives a female voice to desistance research.
The methodology which informs this work is observation research and individual narrative interviews of females with convictions. I argue for a feminist approach to desistance, which recognises that a huge proportion of women in the CJS stem from backgrounds of abuse, economic disadvantage and alcohol, drug and mental health issues. Yet we must move away from the dichotomy of narratives of victimisation and survival and recognise that women have agency. We must challenge the neo-liberal and patriarchal approach to desistance which promotes women's role as care givers and unpaid volunteer workers. Women's desistance can challenge neo-liberal, patriarchal constructs much in the same way that women's offending often does.
12 citations