When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

Book•

When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

01 Jan 2003-

TL;DR: In this paper, a profile of returning prisoners is presented, along with a discussion of the changing nature of Parole Supervision and Services, and the role of the victim's role in prisoner reentry.

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Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Who's Coming Home? A Profile of Returning Prisoners 3. The Origins and Evolution of Modern Parole 4. The Changing Nature of Parole Supervision and Services 5. How We Help: Preparing Inmates for Release 6. How We Hinder: Legal and Practical Barriers to Reintegration 7. Revolving Door Justice: Inmate Release and Recidivism 8. The Victim's Role in Prisoner Reentry 9. What to Do? Reforming Parole and Reentry Practices 10. Conclusions: When Punitive Policies Backfire Afterword

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Journal Article•DOI•

Race, Neighborhood Context, and Strategies to Avoid Victimization Among Female Probationers and Parolees

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Jennifer E. Cobbina¹, Merry Morash¹, Deborah A. Kashy¹, Sandi W. Smith¹•Institutions (1)

Michigan State University¹

08 Jul 2014-Race and justice

TL;DR: The authors examined what strategies female probationers and parolees use to avoid victimization and their perception of how effective such strategies are in keeping them safe, whether the subjective and objective measures of neighborhood context is related to women's strategies and whether the strategies used to avoid vic- timization vary by race and economic status.

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Abstract: An established body of literature shows that females have higher levels of fear than males. Research suggests that women typically resort to rather constraining beha- vioral actions that limit their participation in public life. However, it is unclear whether the strategies women use to avoid victimization are tied to community context, especially for high-risk populations, such as women offenders. We build from insights of previous research by examining what strategies female probationers and parolees use to avoid victimization and their perception of how effective such strategies are in keeping them safe, whether the subjective and objective measures of neighborhood context is related to women's strategies and whether the strategies used to avoid vic- timization vary by race and economic status.

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10 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...Most probationers and parolees reside in economically distressed neighborhoods with high crime rates (Dodge & Progrebin, 2001; Petersilia, 2003; Pew Center on the States, 2009; Richie, 2001)....
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...…women who have been convicted of engaging in criminal activity generally reside in impoverished neighborhoods that have high levels of unemployment, poverty, and crime (Dodge & Pogrebin, 2001; Petersilia, 2003); thus, neighborhood conditions may affect the types of strategies they use to stay safe....
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...Moreover, female probationers and parolees often experience discrimination in securing housing (Petersilia, 2003), which is especially the case among those residing in neighborhoods characterized by high rates of poverty, social disadvantage, and crime....
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...This area of research neglect is surprising, as women who have been convicted of engaging in criminal activity generally reside in impoverished neighborhoods that have high levels of unemployment, poverty, and crime (Dodge & Pogrebin, 2001; Petersilia, 2003); thus, neighborhood conditions may affect the types of strategies they use to stay safe....
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...Additionally, we must face the reality that women of color have limited choices of where to live (Petersilia, 2003)....
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Sequencing Disadvantage: Barriers to

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Devah Pager, Bruce Western, Naomi F. Sugie

01 Jan 2009

10 citations

Book Chapter•DOI•

7 Boosting the Earnings and Employment of Low-Skilled Workers in the United States Making Work Pay and Removing Barriers to Employment and Social Mobility

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Steven Raphael

01 Jan 2008

10 citations

Dissertation•

Pathways to Prison and Subsequent Effects on Misconduct and Recidivism: Gendered Reality?

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Dawn M. Daggett

01 Jan 2013

TL;DR: This article identified both unique and overlapping pathways to prison for men and women, as well as similarities and differences in the risk factors that predicted prison misconduct and recidivism for women and men.

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Abstract: This study added to the literature on pathways to prison by examining a sample of federal inmates to assess whether the pathways identified predicted future antisocial behavior, i.e., prison misconduct and post-release criminal activity. Previous research has generally focused on only one point in the criminal justice system, either identifying pathways to prison, analyzing behavior while incarcerated, or focusing on post-release offending. This research examined all of these points. The research presented here identified both unique and overlapping pathways to prison for men and women, as well as similarities and differences in the risk factors that predicted prison misconduct and recidivism for women and men. While the latent class models, which identified the pathways to prison, relied heavily upon indicators highlighted in the gender-responsive literature, the final misconduct and recidivism models included those factors along with traditional, gender-neutral items. The methods in this research moved beyond previous studies that relied primarily on bivariate analyses of female inmates. Four pathways emerged for both men and women each. Three of the pathways overlapped for both groups: drug, street, and the situational offender pathways. Males and females each had one unique pathway which represented opposite ends of the criminal experiences spectrum. A first time offender pathway emerged for women; a more chronic, serious offender pathway emerged for men. When the pathways to prison were the only predictors in the misconduct and recidivism models, the pathways consistently and significantly predicted antisocial behavior. Once the socio-demographic and criminal history factors were added to the models, however, the vast majority of the pathway effects on antisocial behavior were no longer statistically significant. Because the current literature presents mixed results as to whether the same factors predict offending for men and women, this study analyzed gendered aspects of prison misconduct and recidivism. There were more differences than similarities in the factors that significantly impacted these antisocial behaviors.

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10 citations

Cites background or result from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...A major confounding factor is how substance abuse is measured across different studies (Petersilia, 2003)....
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...Revocations account for almost 35% of all new prison admissions (Petersilia, 2003; West et al., 2010)....
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...Obtaining housing and employment upon release are critical for successful reentry back to the community (Petersilia, 2003)....
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...Previous studies have shown that within three years of release, almost 65% of those released will return to prison (Langan & Levin, 2002) and revocations account for almost 35% of all new prison admissions (Petersilia, 2003; West et al., 2010)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

An Examination of the Influence of Exposure to Disciplinary Segregation on Recidivism

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H. Daniel Butler¹, Benjamin Steiner, Matthew D. Makarios², Lawrence F. Travis³•Institutions (3)

Iowa State University¹, University of Northern Iowa², University of Cincinnati³

01 Apr 2020-Crime & Delinquency

TL;DR: Inmates who violate prison rules and regulations may be confined in disciplinary segregation as a punishment, which includes a loss of privileges and reduced opportunities to socialize and participate as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: Inmates who violate prison rules and regulations may be confined in disciplinary segregation as a punishment, which includes a loss of privileges and reduced opportunities to socialize and particip...

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10 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...Offenders released from prison often encounter obstacles reentering the community, such as obtaining employment, completing programming, and remaining compliant with the requirements of postrelease supervision (Guerino, Harrison, & Sabol, 2011; Petersilia, 2003; Travis, 2005)....
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When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

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