Book•
When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry
01 Jan 2003-
TL;DR: In this paper, a profile of returning prisoners is presented, along with a discussion of the changing nature of Parole Supervision and Services, and the role of the victim's role in prisoner reentry.
Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Who's Coming Home? A Profile of Returning Prisoners 3. The Origins and Evolution of Modern Parole 4. The Changing Nature of Parole Supervision and Services 5. How We Help: Preparing Inmates for Release 6. How We Hinder: Legal and Practical Barriers to Reintegration 7. Revolving Door Justice: Inmate Release and Recidivism 8. The Victim's Role in Prisoner Reentry 9. What to Do? Reforming Parole and Reentry Practices 10. Conclusions: When Punitive Policies Backfire Afterword
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TL;DR: This article examined the effects of incarceration on the social and economic well-being of the neighborhoods themselves and their residents, and found that high incarceration rates erode human capital and depress median household incomes, further intensifying incarceration risks and threatening to create conditions where incarceration and economic disadvantage become endogenous features of certain neighborhoods.
Abstract: New research has identified the consequences of high rates of incarceration on neighborhood crime rates, but few studies have looked beyond crime to examine the collateral effects of incarceration on the social and economic well being of the neighborhoods themselves and their residents. We assess two specific indicia of neighborhood economic well-being, household income and human capital, dimensions that are robust predictors of elevated crime, enforcement and incarceration rates. We decompose incarceration effects by neighborhood racial composition and socio-economic conditions to account for structural disadvantages in labor force and access to wealth that flow from persistent patterns of residential segregation. We use panel methods to examine the effects on incarceration on New York City census tracts over an 11 year period from 1985-1996, a period which saw crime rates rise and fall sharply, and when incarceration rates increased and remained high in concentrated areas throughout the city. We examine whether persistently high incarceration rates erode human capital and depress median household incomes, further intensifying incarceration risks and threatening to create conditions where incarceration and economic disadvantage become endogenous features of certain neighborhoods. We find distinct but overlapping effects for prisons and jails, suggesting that these are parallel processes produced by loosely coupled law enforcement priorities. Incarceration effects are greater for household income than human capital, suggesting a complex relationship between persistent poverty, residential segregation, and incarceration that reinforces a classic poverty trap. Household incomes are lower over time in neighborhoods with higher proportions of African American population, even after controlling for the effects of race on incarceration, but we find no similar effects for Hispanic populations. Spatially targeted policies such as microinvestment and housing development may be needed offset the local embeddedness of poverty and disrupt its connections to incarceration and crime, while education policy and transitional labor market networking can strengthen local human capital.
8 citations
TL;DR: While research suggests a growing proclivity amongst contemporary fathers towards emotional involvement and child caregiving, studies indicate that most men still experience unrelenting pressure to be emotionally involved with their children as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: While research suggests a growing proclivity amongst contemporary fathers towards emotional involvement and child caregiving, studies indicate that most men still experience unrelenting pressure to...
8 citations
Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."
...…turns the critical gaze away from the individual and towards the multiple systems that contribute to reentry difficulties, and c) highlights the capabilities and agency of returning citizens (de la Tierra, 2019; Johnson and Young, 2016; Middlemass and Smiley, 2019; Payne, 2011; Petersilia, 2003)....
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...However, there has been a push in the last several years for critical reentry research that a) intentionally moves away from the dominant deficits framework, b) turns the critical gaze away from the individual and towards the multiple systems that contribute to reentry difficulties, and c) highlights the capabilities and agency of returning citizens (de la Tierra, 2019; Johnson and Young, 2016; Middlemass and Smiley, 2019; Payne, 2011; Petersilia, 2003)....
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TL;DR: Evidence contrary to the assumption that COD offenders would have the worst outcomes due to the comorbid nature of their disorders is found, by examining the independent effects of mental illness, substance abuse/dependence, and CODs on recidivism controlling for individual and neighborhood contextual factors and nonresidential land uses.
Abstract: Having a mental health, substance use, or co-occurring disorder (COD) can make successful reintegration a difficult process for returning offenders. However, our understanding of how these disorder...
8 citations
Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."
...The challenges are considerable including limited educational and vocational skills, chronic health problems, and unstable housing (Petersilia, 2003)....
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...Moreover, unless a mentally ill inmate displays overt symptomatology, they will likely not receive MH services as part of their discharge case plan (Lurigio, 2001); only one third of mentally ill inmates receive treatment on release (Petersilia, 2003)....
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...plan (Lurigio, 2001); only one third of mentally ill inmates receive treatment on release (Petersilia, 2003)....
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TL;DR: Academic medicine can begin to address the mistrust that formerly incarcerated individuals often have toward the health care system by using the humanizing labels recommended in this Invited Commentary.
Abstract: This Invited Commentary addresses the use of labels and their impact on people involved in the criminal justice system. There are 2.2 million adults incarcerated in the United States and close to 6.6 million under correctional supervision on any day. Many of these people experience health inequalities and inadequate health care both in and out of correctional facilities. These numbers are reason enough to raise alarm among health care providers and criminal justice researchers about the need to conceptualize better ways to administer health care for these individuals. Using terms like "convict," "prisoner," "parolee," and "offender" to describe these individuals increases the stigma that they already face. The authors propose that employing person-first language for justice-involved individuals would help to reduce the stigma they face during incarceration and after they are released. Coordinated, dignified, and multidisciplinary care is essential for this population given the high rates of morbidity and mortality they experience both in and out of custody and the many barriers that impede their successful integration with families and communities. Academic medicine can begin to address the mistrust that formerly incarcerated individuals often have toward the health care system by using the humanizing labels recommended in this Invited Commentary.
8 citations
01 Jul 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a rich and multileveled collec� on of twenty-eight chapters that use varied lenses to examine the discourses that shape people's lives.
Abstract: This book is a rich and mul� faceted collec� on of twenty-eight chapters that use varied lenses to examine the discourses that shape people’s lives. The contributors are themselves from many backgrounds – diff erent academic disciplines within the humani� es and social sciences, diverse professional prac� ces and a range of countries and cultures. They represent a broad spectrum of age, status and outlook, and variously apply their research methods – but share a common interest in people, their lives, thoughts and ac� ons. Gathering such eclec� c experiences as those of student-teachers in Kenya, a released prisoner in Denmark, academics in Colombia, a group of migrants learning English, and gambling addic� on support-workers in Italy, alongside more mainstream educa� onal themes, the book presents a fascina� ng array of insights.
8 citations