Book•
When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry
01 Jan 2003-
TL;DR: In this paper, a profile of returning prisoners is presented, along with a discussion of the changing nature of Parole Supervision and Services, and the role of the victim's role in prisoner reentry.
Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Who's Coming Home? A Profile of Returning Prisoners 3. The Origins and Evolution of Modern Parole 4. The Changing Nature of Parole Supervision and Services 5. How We Help: Preparing Inmates for Release 6. How We Hinder: Legal and Practical Barriers to Reintegration 7. Revolving Door Justice: Inmate Release and Recidivism 8. The Victim's Role in Prisoner Reentry 9. What to Do? Reforming Parole and Reentry Practices 10. Conclusions: When Punitive Policies Backfire Afterword
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The authors explored the impact of individual and neighborhood characteristics on attitudes toward crime and prisoner reentry, and found that individual-level predictors (e.g., political affiliation, sex, parenthood, and several crimerelated factors) of punitiveness are significant, and that there is a neighborhood context to these beliefs.
Abstract: While much recent attention has been focused on the impact of incarceration on ex-prisoners, less has been paid to the general public’s informal attitudes and responses to crime and offenders. This article begins to fill this void by exploring the impact of individual and neighborhood characteristics on attitudes toward crime and prisoner reentry. The article is based on two phases of data collection. During phase one, residents of four Massachusetts communities were surveyed about their attitudes and experiences with crime and prisoner reentry. During phase two, qualitative interviews and participant observation were used to explore how crime and reentry issues are framed across community context. The survey data suggest both that individual-level predictors (e.g. political affiliation, sex, parenthood, and several crime-related factors) of punitiveness are significant, and that there is a neighborhood context to these beliefs. The focus in analyzing the qualitative data is on two contrasting communities. These data suggest varying ways of framing ‘the crime problem’ that help explain the neighborhood context of these attitudes. Specifically, a localized framing shapes less punitive attitudes, while a focus on a general crime problem contributes to greater punitiveness.
64 citations
Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."
...Evidence suggests that a concentration of formerly incarcerated individuals undermines neighborhood stability, creates a demand on resources, contributes to fear of crime and negative affect toward the neighborhood, and may contribute to ex-prisoner recidivism (Clear, 2002; Kubrin and Stewart, 2006; Mears et al., 2008; Petersilia, 2003)....
[...]
...…formerly incarcerated individuals undermines neighborhood stability, creates a demand on resources, contributes to fear of crime and negative affect toward the neighborhood, and may contribute to ex-prisoner recidivism (Clear, 2002; Kubrin and Stewart, 2006; Mears et al., 2008; Petersilia, 2003)....
[...]
TL;DR: The authors explored if the structural characteristics of a community (specifically what sociologists term concentrated disadvantage) interact with race in predicting recidivism, and found that neither concentrated disadvantage nor the interaction between it and race had significant effects on recidivitis.
64 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the factors associated with the rise and decline in state-level incarceration rates from 1980 through 2013, and found evidence for four key stories in explaining the prison decline: crime, budgets, politics, and inequality.
Abstract: After decades of steady expansion, state prison populations declined in recent years for the first time since 1972. Though the size of the decrease was small, it masks substantial state heterogeneity. This article investigates variation in state-level incarceration rates from 1980 through 2013, examining the factors associated with the rise and decline in prison populations. We find evidence for four key stories in explaining the prison decline: crime, budgets, politics, and inequality. Many of these relationships are consistent across decades, including the role of racial composition, violent crime, and Republican political dominance. In contrast, states’ fiscal capacity and economic inequality became more important after 2000. This research emphasizes the importance of examining changes over time in the correlates of incarceration growth and decline and represents the first effort to systematically understand the recent reversal in the trajectory of incarceration practices in the United States.
63 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of program characteristics on recidivism using a sample drawn from community non-residential programs to determine if the risk and need principles apply to traditional supervision-oriented programs such as intensive supervision probation, electronic monitoring, day reporting, and work release.
Abstract: IN THE PAST 20 YEARS, there has been a re-emergence of interest in the effectiveness of correctional treatment programs for offenders. This interest has led to the development of the principles of effective interventions (Gendreau, 1996; Gendreau, French, & Taylor, 2002). Research has now shown a link between these program characteristics and effectiveness (Andrews & Dowden, 1999; Lipsey & Wilson, 1995; Gendreau, 1996; Lowenkamp, 2004: Lowenkamp, Latessa, and Smith, 2006). However, most of these studies have examined traditional residential treatment programs. Therefore, the question remains: Do these principles apply to community non-residential programs such as intensive supervision probation? The current study examines the effects of program characteristics on recidivism using a sample drawn from community non-residential programs to determine if the risk and need principles apply to traditional supervision-oriented programs such intensive supervision probation, electronic monitoring, day reporting, and work release.
63 citations
TL;DR: Evidence suggests the current decentralized mental health care system has generally benefited middle-class individuals with less severe disorders; those with serious and persistent mental illness, with the greatest need, often fare the worst.
Abstract: Although there is broad consensus that the state psychiatric hospital population drastically declined over the past five decades, the destination and well-being of people with serious mental illness (SMI) have been in greater doubt. In this article, we examine the aftermath of the deinstitutionalization movement. We begin with a brief historical overview of the move away from state hospitals, followed by an examination of where people with SMI currently reside and receive treatment. Next, we review recent trends reflecting access to treatment and level of community integration among this population. Evidence suggests the current decentralized mental health care system has generally benefited middle-class individuals with less severe disorders; those with serious and persistent mental illness, with the greatest need, often fare the worst. We conclude with several questions warranting further attention, including how deinstitutionalization can be defined and how barriers to community integration may be addressed.
62 citations
Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."
...Open drug selling and high police presence in these communities often results in targeted drug arrests [93, 94]....
[...]