When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

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When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

01 Jan 2003-

TL;DR: In this paper, a profile of returning prisoners is presented, along with a discussion of the changing nature of Parole Supervision and Services, and the role of the victim's role in prisoner reentry.

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Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Who's Coming Home? A Profile of Returning Prisoners 3. The Origins and Evolution of Modern Parole 4. The Changing Nature of Parole Supervision and Services 5. How We Help: Preparing Inmates for Release 6. How We Hinder: Legal and Practical Barriers to Reintegration 7. Revolving Door Justice: Inmate Release and Recidivism 8. The Victim's Role in Prisoner Reentry 9. What to Do? Reforming Parole and Reentry Practices 10. Conclusions: When Punitive Policies Backfire Afterword

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Journal Article•DOI•

How Different Operationalizations of Recidivism Impact Conclusions of Effectiveness of Parole Supervision

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Michael Ostermann¹, Laura M. Salerno², Jordan M. Hyatt³•Institutions (3)

Rutgers University¹, New Jersey Department of Corrections², Drexel University³

21 May 2015-Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare recidivism rates, time to failure, and hazard rates between groups through the presentation of descriptive statistics and the use of multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival models.

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Abstract: Objectives:Recidivism reduction is the primary goal of many correctional programs, and “recidivism” is the most prevalent outcome measure in related program evaluation research. Many different operationalizations of recidivism are used without a clear delineation of how these variations may impact conclusions. This study explores how the definitions of recidivism may impact research findings and resultant policy recommendations regarding the efficacy of parole.Methods:Data from prisoners released in 2008 (n = 12,132) to parole or unconditional release are analyzed according to 10 different operationalizations of recidivism. We compare recidivism rates, time to failure, and hazard rates between groups through the presentation of descriptive statistics and the use of multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival models.Results:Our findings indicate that parole supervision could be deemed either effective or ineffective depending on which definition of recidivism is employed. These findings are largely driv...

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43 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...recidivism, corrections, definitions, parole, survival analysis The efficacy and impact of parole has long been questioned (Lerner 1977; Ostermann 2015; Petersilia 2003)....
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...The efficacy and impact of parole has long been questioned (Lerner 1977; Ostermann 2015; Petersilia 2003)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison

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Heather R. Hlavka¹, Darren Wheelock¹, Richard S. Jones¹•Institutions (1)

Marquette University¹

29 Jun 2015-Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

TL;DR: This article examined individual accounts of successful transitions from prison to community in the months and years post-release and found that each narrative centers on connections to important others through faith, family, or community.

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Abstract: Reentry research often focuses on those who have recidivated, with little work addressing the experiences of those who successfully reintegrate into their communities. This study examines individual accounts of successful transitions from prison to community in the months and years postrelease. Interview data point to three metanarratives used to make sense of reentry: as reverence, as reunification, and as reconstruction. In different ways, each narrative centers on connections to important others through faith, family, or community. We discuss the legitimacy of the self-narratives offered, and add to a growing body of work exploring reentry via the lens of the exoffender.

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43 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...…has found that released prisoners tend to have spotty work histories (Apel & Sweeten, 2010; Hlavka, Wheelock, & Cossyleon, 2015), are frequently uneducated or undereducated (Petersilia, 2003), and often live with family members with legal troubles of their own (Visher, Yahner, & La Vigne, 2010)....
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...Research has found that released prisoners tend to have spotty work histories (Apel & Sweeten, 2010; Hlavka, Wheelock, & Cossyleon, 2015), are frequently uneducated or undereducated (Petersilia, 2003), and often live with family members with legal troubles of their own (Visher, Yahner, & La Vigne, 2010)....
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...…identities (Nelson, Deess, & Allen, 1999; Sampson & Laub, 1993) and in-prison experiences like programming and religious conversions (Maruna, Wilson, & Curran, 2006; Petersilia, 2003; Ross & Richards, 2002; Schmid & Jones, 1991) can also impact one’s ability to adjust to life beyond incarceration....
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...The average age of parolees is 34 years (Petersilia, 2003); our sample is markedly older (40....
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...and identities (Nelson, Deess, & Allen, 1999; Sampson & Laub, 1993) and in-prison experiences like programming and religious conversions (Maruna, Wilson, & Curran, 2006; Petersilia, 2003; Ross & Richards, 2002; Schmid & Jones, 1991) can also impact one’s ability to adjust to life beyond incarceration....
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Journal Article•DOI•

An examination of the inmate code in Canadian penitentiaries

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Rose Ricciardelli¹•Institutions (1)

York University¹

02 May 2014-Journal of Criminal Justice

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors empirically document current elements of the inmate code in Canadian federal prisons in Ontario and theoretically explain why this code is adopted by prisoners in these penitentiaries.

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42 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...Recent research has examined the implications and effect of new prison policies, sentencing amendments, and parole legislation on prisoner conduct and experience (e.g., Fisher 2002, Mauer and Chesney-Lind 2002, Petersilia 2003, Crewe 2005, 2007, Trammell 2009)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A Geospatial Analysis of the Impact of Sex Offender Residency Restrictions in Two New York Counties

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Jacqueline A. Berenson¹, Jacqueline A. Berenson², Paul S. Appelbaum²•Institutions (2)

University of York¹, Columbia University²

01 Jun 2011-Law and Human Behavior

TL;DR: Analysis revealed that residence restrictions had no demonstrable effect on where offenders live, which may have important policy and procedural implications in the creation and enforcement of sex offender statutes, as well as in the evaluation of those presently in place.

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Abstract: The efficacy of sex offender residence restriction laws in enhancing public safety is controversial and further complicated by evidence that adverse collateral effects may negate or even outweigh whatever benefits they achieve. Based on the theory of “distance decay” that postulates that offenders are more likely to recidivate closer to home, the statutes seek to distance offenders from potential child victims. However, to the extent that such statutes preclude residence in large portions of covered jurisdictions, it has been argued that they contribute to social instability, relegation of offenders to rural or undesirable locations, and even homelessness. A small number of studies have demonstrated the impact of restrictions on residential availability and compliance with the laws, but methodologic issues make it difficult to compare findings. This study uses parcel geocoding, a computerized mapping method, to examine the impact of the sex offender residency restrictions enacted in Erie and Schenectady Counties, NY. Identification and mapping of restricted locations revealed that in nonurban areas, available residential locations were drastically reduced by the restrictions (89.46% and 73.16% restricted in the two counties) and in urban areas almost completely eliminated (95.45% and 97.21%). Unexpectedly, however, when the registered sex offenders in each county were matched to their addresses in the state database, analysis revealed that residence restrictions had no demonstrable effect on where offenders live. More than 85% of offenders in each of the counties were found living in the urban centers, the vast majority of whom (91.89% and 100%) were matched to addresses in restricted locations. These findings may have important policy and procedural implications in the creation and enforcement of sex offender statutes, as well as in the evaluation of those presently in place.

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42 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...The consequences reported by offenders in this study have all been demonstrated to be triggers for recidivating (Meloy, 2005; Petersilia, 2003)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

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Suzanne E. Reich¹•Institutions (1)

University of Queensland¹

13 Jan 2017-Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

TL;DR: This paper examined whether employment outcomes for ex-offenders are associated with employers' subjective belief in redeemability mediated through exoffenders' objective desistance signals, and found that both beliefs positively and significantly predicted employers' hiring decisions.

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Abstract: This article examines whether employment outcomes for exoffenders are associated with employers’ subjective belief in redeemability, mediated through exoffenders’ objective desistance signals. An online factorial vignette survey was completed by 367 employers, which examined their hiring decisions in the context of exoffender job applicants. OLS regression and serial multiple mediation analyses revealed that both belief in redeemability and desistance signals positively and significantly predicted employers’ hiring decisions. As well, exoffenders’ objective desistance signals mediated the association between belief in redeemability and employment outcomes. These findings highlight the importance for exoffenders to effectively communicate their desistance from crime to employers in their endeavors to obtain employment.

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42 citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

...More broadly, the aim of this article is to contribute to the current body of knowledge relating to processes that are crucial for successful offender reintegration and desistance from crime, in which employment is integral for both (Laub & Sampson, 2003; Petersilia, 2003)....
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When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

Citations

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

Cites background from "When Prisoners Come Home: Parole an..."

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