When Worlds Collide: Manichaeism and Christianity in Late Antiquity
TL;DR: The Undergraduate Library Research Award (ULRA) 2019 as mentioned in this paper was the first year of the ULA scholarship competition, with a total prize allocation of $1,000,000.
Abstract: Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 24 p.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the attitudes to labour that were crystallized among the monks of two different regions of the Christian world in the late third and fourth centuries and consider the implications, in Western Christianity, of the victory of the commitment to labour associated with the monks in Egypt.
Abstract: This article examines the attitudes to labour that were crystallized among the monks of two different regions of the Christian world in the late third and fourth centuries. The monks of Syria opted against work. Along with the Manichaean Elect, they expected to be supported by the alms of the faithful. Work for them was inconsistent with the ‘angel-like’ life of the ascetic. This view was hotly contested by the monks of Egypt, who regarded labour as part of the duty of the monk and as the monk’s link to a common, non-angelic humanity. Having sketched out the social and ideological background of both options, the article considers the implications, in Western Christianity, of the victory of the commitment to labour associated with the monks of Egypt.
5 citations
Journal Article•
4 citations
10 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented quantites de vases en verre au decor elabore, datant de l'epoque sassanide, etaient supposes provenir du Gilan, une hypothese que semblaient confirmer de rares pieces trouvees dans des tombes du Dailaman (voir S. Fukai, Study of Iranian Art and Archaeology: Glass and Metalwork, Tokyo, 1968).
Abstract: Dans les annees 1960, des quantites de vases en verre au decor elabore, datant de l’epoque sassanide, etaient supposes provenir du Gilan, une hypothese que semblaient confirmer de rares pieces trouvees dans des tombes du Dailaman (voir S. Fukai, Study of Iranian Art and Archaeology: Glass and Metalwork, Tokyo, 1968) ou supposees provenir de cette region tres pillee. De la, cette region etait supposee etre le lieu de production de ces verreries, qui aurait fourni aussi la Mesopotamie. L’A. mon...
2 citations
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TL;DR: The twenty-three Demonstrations of Aphrahat are not likely to be familiar to most students of Roman history or of Constantine as discussed by the authors, but they provide crucial evidence not only for the attitude of Persian Christians towards Rome, but also for the military situation on Rome's eastern frontier at the end of the reign of Constantine.
Abstract: The twenty-three Demonstrations of Aphrahat are not likely to be familiar to most students of Roman history or of Constantine. Aphrahat was head of the monastery of Mar Mattai, near modern Mosul, with the rank of bishop and, apparently, the episcopal name Jacob: as a consequence, he was soon confused with the better known Jacob of Nisibis, and independent knowledge of his life and career virtually disappeared. Fortunately, however, twenty-three treatises survived, whose attribution to ‘Aphrahat the Persian sage’ seems beyond doubt. Aphrahat wrote in Syriac and composed works of edification and polemic for a Mesopotamian audience outside the Roman Empire. Nevertheless, he provides crucial evidence not only for the attitude of Persian Christians towards Rome, but also for the military situation on Rome's eastern frontier at the end of the reign of Constantine. It is worth the effort, therefore, to set Aphrahat's fifth Demonstration, which bears the title ‘On wars’ or ‘On battles’, in its precise historical context. The present paper begins by considering the place of this Demonstration in Aphrahat's oeuvre and its exact date (I–III); it then argues that in 337 Constantine was preparing to invade Persia as the self-appointed liberator of the Christians of Persia (IV, VI), that Aphrahat expected him to be successful (V), and that Constantine's actions and the hopes which he excited caused the Persian king to regard his Christian subjects as potential traitors—and hence to embark on a policy of persecution (VII).
157 citations
Book•
13 Sep 2007TL;DR: Rome and Iran to the beginning of the third century AD as mentioned in this paper, a chronological survey of the Sasanian Empire and its relations with the Roman Empire, is presented in this book.
Abstract: Part I. Narrative: 1. Rome and Iran to the beginning of the third century AD 2. Rome and the Sasanian Empire - a chronological survey Part II. Sources and Contexts: 3. Political goals 4. Warfare 5. Military confrontations 6. The diplomatic solutions 7. Arabia between the great powers 8. Shared interests - continuing conflicts 9. Religion - Christianity and Zoroastrianism 10. Emperor and King of Kings 11. Exchange of information between West and East Part III. Appendices.
132 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The Silk Road, the ancient trade route passing through Bokhara to Samarkand in the west and Dunhuang to Xi'an in central China, conjures up exotic pictures of camel trains laden with bales of fine Chinese silk, and spices and perfumes in the great market of Samark and The Silk Road also witnessed the movement of cultural influences and examines the civilizations and ideas that flourished along with vast geographical route.
Abstract: The Silk Road, the ancient trade route passing through Bokhara to Samarkand in the west and Dunhuang to Xi'an in central China, conjures up exotic pictures of camel trains laden with bales of fine Chinese silk, and spices and perfumes in the great market of Samarkand The Silk Road also witnessed the movement of cultural influences and this text examines the civilizations and ideas that flourished along with vast geographical route The 19th century saw a new interest in Central Asia as Russia and Britain vied for power on the frontiers of Afghanistan A new breed of explorer, part archaeologist, part cartographer, part spy, was seen on the Silk Road and some of the ancient cities, long buried in sand-blown dunes, began to give up their secrets Covering more than 2000 years of history, this book presents an overall picture of the history and cultures of the Silk Road It is illustrated throughout with many manuscripts and paintings from the collections of the British Library and other museums worldwide, and contains many previously unpublished photographs by the great explorers Stein, Hedin and Mannerheim
89 citations
87 citations