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WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women: Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women's Responses

Claudia García-Moreno, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Mary Ellsberg, Lori Heise, Charlotte Watts 
22 Jul 2005-
TL;DR: This report of the WHO Multi-country Study on Womens Health and Domestic Violence against Women analyses data collected from over 24 000 women in 10 countries representing diverse cultural geographical and urban/rural settings.
Abstract: This report of the WHO Multi-country Study on Womens Health and Domestic Violence against Women analyses data collected from over 24 000 women in 10 countries representing diverse cultural geographical and urban/rural settings: Bangladesh Brazil Ethiopia Japan Peru Namibia Samoa Serbia and Montenegro Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania. The Study was designed to: estimate the prevalence of physical sexual and emotional violence against women with particular emphasis on violence by intimate partners; assess the association of partner violence with a range of health outcomes; identify factors that may either protect or put women at risk of partner violence; document the strategies and services that women use to cope with violence by an intimate partner. (excerpt)
Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence

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Claudia García-Moreno, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Mary Ellsberg, Lori Heise, Charlotte Watts1 •
University of London1
07 Oct 2006-The Lancet
TL;DR: The findings confirm that physical and sexual partner violence against women is widespread and the variation in prevalence within and between settings highlights that this violence in not inevitable, and must be addressed.

2,712 citations

Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.

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Claudia García-Moreno, Christina Pallitto, Karen Devries, Heidi Stöckl, Charlotte Watts, Naeemah Abrahams 
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner.
Abstract: This report presents the first global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner (non-partner sexual violence). It shows for the first time global and regional estimates of the prevalence of these two forms of violence using data from around the world. Previous reporting on violence against women has not differentiated between partner- and nonpartner violence.

2,283 citations

Cites background or methods from "WHO Multi-country Study on Women's ..."

  • ...Data from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women (21) confirmed this finding, with data from 14 sites in 9 countries....

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  • ...The gold standard for valid data on violence against women is currently a stand-alone specialized survey, such as the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women (21), with adequate measures taken to address the ethical and safety issues that are unique to this type of research....

    [...]

  • ...Specific data sets included: IVAWS (25); the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women (21); DHS (4, 22 ); GENACIS (26 ); CDC RHS (5 ) and crime surveys across the globe....

    [...]

  • ...The WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women (21) and the violence against women module of the DHS (22 ) are adapted versions of the CTS that also ask about a set of behaviourally specific acts that women experience, without framing the questions as gradations of relationship conflict, but rather as independent acts in a constellation of experiences Section 1: Methodology...

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  • ...The majority of the study estimates (87%) were derived from three large international data sets: the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women (21) (10 countries), IVAWS (25 ) (8 countries) and GENACIS (26 ) (16 countries)....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study

[...]

Mary Ellsberg, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Lori Heise, Charlotte Watts1, Claudia García-Moreno •
University of London1
05 Apr 2008-The Lancet
TL;DR: Findings from ten countries from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women suggest intimate partner violence is associated with serious public-health consequences that should be addressed in national and global health policies and programmes.

1,670 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomised trial

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Paul Pronyk1, Paul Pronyk2, James R Hargreaves1, James R Hargreaves2, Julia C. Kim1, Julia C. Kim2, Linda Morison1, Godfrey Phetla2, Charlotte Watts1, Joanna Busza1, John Porter1 •
University of London1, University of the Witwatersrand2
02 Dec 2006-The Lancet
TL;DR: A combined microfinance and training intervention can lead to reductions in levels of intimate-partner violence in programme participants, and social and economic development interventions have the potential to alter risk environments for HIV and intimacy violence in southern Africa.

878 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective.

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Kaye Wellings1, Martine Collumbien1, Emma Slaymaker1, Susheela Singh2, Zoé Hodges1, Dhaval Patel3, Nathalie Bajos4 •
University of London1, Guttmacher Institute2, Population Services International3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4
11 Nov 2006-The Lancet
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present original analyses of sexual behaviour data from 59 countries for which they were available, and show substantial diversity in sexual behaviour by region and sex, indicating mainly social and economic determinants of sexual behavior.

846 citations

References
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Journal Article•DOI•
The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design: by Urie Bronfenbrenner Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979, 330 + p.

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James Garbarino
01 Jan 1980-Children and Youth Services Review

8,000 citations

"WHO Multi-country Study on Women's ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...What insights could be gained from this analysis that would advance violence theory and intervention? Increasingly, researchers and practitioners – as well as WHO – are using an “ecological framework” to understand the interplay of personal, situational, and sociocultural factors that combine to cause interpersonal violence (9, 27)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Health consequences of intimate partner violence.

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Jacquelyn C. Campbell1•
Johns Hopkins University1
13 Apr 2002-The Lancet
TL;DR: Research on the mental and physical health sequelae of intimate partner violence is reviewed and increased assessment and interventions for intimate partner Violence in health-care settings are recommended.

3,615 citations

"WHO Multi-country Study on Women's ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Rather than being seen as just a health problem in and of itself, violence can also be understood as a risk factor that – like smoking or unsafe sex – increases women’s risk of a variety of diseases and conditions (24, 25)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Societal Change and Change in Family Violence from 1975 to 1985 As Revealed by Two National Surveys

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Murray A. Straus1, Richard J. Gelles•
Durham University1
01 Aug 1986-Journal of Marriage and Family
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between two national surveys conducted in 1975 and 1985 on the rates of physical violence against children and spouses is presented, showing that physical child abuse decreased by 47% from 1975 to 1985; wife beating decreased by 27% while severe assaults declined by 4.3%.
Abstract: Comparisons between two national surveys conducted in 1975 and 1985 on the rates of physical violence against children and spouses are presented in this article. The sample consisted of 2143 families in 1975 and 3520 families in 1985. Findings showed that 1) physical child abuse decreased by 47% from 1975 to 1985; 2) wife beating decreased by 27% while severe assaults declined by 4.3%; and 3) despite these reductions the rates of child abuse and wife beating remain extremely high. The lower rates of severe violence in 1985 are attributed to several factors such as 1) differences in methodology used 2) reluctance of the respondents to report violence and 3) a decrease in the amount of child abuse and wife beating. The policy implications of the reductions and of the continued high rate of child and spouse abuse were discussed in the last part of this paper.

1,692 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Child maltreatment: an ecological integration.

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Jay Belsky
01 Apr 1980-American Psychologist

1,538 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Intimate partner violence and physical health consequences

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Jacquelyn C. Campbell1, Alison Snow Jones2, Jacqueline Dienemann3, Jacqueline Dienemann1, Joan Kub, Janet Schollenberger1, Patricia O'Campo1, Andrea Carlson Gielen1, Clifford Wynne4 •
Johns Hopkins University1, Wake Forest University2, University of North Carolina at Charlotte3, Kaiser Permanente4
27 May 2002-JAMA Internal Medicine
TL;DR: Routine universal screening and sensitive in-depth assessment of women presenting with frequent gynecological, chronic stress-related, or central nervous system complaints are needed to support disclosure of domestic violence.
Abstract: Background: Domestic violence results in long-term and immediate health problems. This study compared selected physical health problems of abused and never abused women with similar access to health care. Methods: A case-control study of enrollees in a multisite metropolitan health maintenance organization sampled 2535 women enrollees aged 21 to 55 years who responded to an invitation to participate; 447 (18%) could not be contacted, 7 (0.3%) were ineligible, and 76 (3%) refused, yielding a sample of 2005. The Abuse Assessment Screen identified women physically and/or sexually abused between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1997, resulting in 201 cases. The 240 controls were a random sample of never abused women. The general health perceptions subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36Item Short-Form Health Survey measured general health. The Miller Abuse Physical Symptom and Injury Scale measured abuse-specific health problems. tal status, educational level, and income. Direct weights were used to standardize for comparisons. Significance was tested using logistic and negative binomial regressions. Abused women had more (P.05) headaches, back pain, sexually transmitted diseases, vaginal bleeding, vaginal infections, pelvic pain, painful intercourse, urinary tract infections, appetite loss, abdominal pain, and digestive problems. Abused women also had more (P.001) gynecological, chronic stress–related, central nervous system, and total health problems. Conclusions: Abused women have a 50% to 70% increase in gynecological, central nervous system, and stressrelated problems, with women sexually and physically abused most likely to report problems. Routine universal screening and sensitive in-depth assessment of women presenting with frequent gynecological, chronic stress– related, or central nervous system complaints are needed to support disclosure of domestic violence. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1157-1163

1,055 citations

Related Papers (5)
The world report on violence and health.

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05 Oct 2002-The Lancet
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Health consequences of intimate partner violence.

[...]

13 Apr 2002-The Lancet
Jacquelyn C. Campbell
Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence

[...]

07 Oct 2006-The Lancet
Claudia García-Moreno, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Mary Ellsberg, Lori Heise, Charlotte Watts 
Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study

[...]

05 Apr 2008-The Lancet
Mary Ellsberg, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Lori Heise, Charlotte Watts, Claudia García-Moreno 
Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention

[...]

20 Apr 2002-The Lancet
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