Wide-band supercontinuum generation in mid-IR using polarization maintaining chalcogenide photonic quasi-crystal fiber.
TL;DR: The proposed PQF-based SC source is a good candidate for applications such as optical sensing, frequency metrology, and optical tomography as the two orthogonally polarized modes allow the high degree of freedom in tuning the properties of the SC.
Abstract: We report a polarization maintaining chalcogenide (ChG) photonic quasicrystal fiber (PQF) for wide-band mid-IR (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) generation The numerical demonstration of SC generation in the proposed PQF spans from 2 to 15 μm wavelengths for a pulse power of 2 kW Besides, the proposed PQF offers a high birefringence (10−3 to 10−2) from 35 to 15 μm wavelengths and exhibits a low confinement loss (10−7 to 10−1) for the wavelengths from 2 to 15 μm with single mode behavior The proposed Ge115As24Se645 PQF is designed with zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) at 433 and 446 μm for X and Y polarized modes within the wavelength range of 2–15 μm The polarized spectral broadening of the continuum is realized for the first time from 2 to 15 μm using the proposed PQF with a length of 8 mm Hence, the two orthogonally polarized modes allow the high degree of freedom in tuning the properties of the SC Thus, the proposed PQF-based SC source is a good candidate for applications such as optical sensing, frequency metrology, and optical tomography
Citations
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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime.
Abstract: A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.
360 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an ultra-broadband coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) extending from 1.25 to 20μm was generated using a novel AsSe2-As2S5 multimaterial photonic crystal fiber (PCF).
Abstract: In this paper, we report on the simulation of an ultra-broadband coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) extending from 1.25 to 20 μm generated using a novel AsSe2-As2S5 multimaterial photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The proposed fiber is composed of a core made of AsSe2 glass and a surrounding cladding made of As2S5 glass. The hybrid PCF is designed to have a zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of 3.3 μm with an overall highly engineered group velocity dispersion shifted to the mid-infrared wavelength region. The SC is generated by pumping 50 fs pulses at 4 μm emitted from an optical parameter amplifier with low energy of 0.625 nJ. The pumping wavelength is selected in the anomalous dispersion regime close to the ZDW. The widening of the SC is mainly based on the soliton effects in the anomalous dispersion region combined with self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, stimulated Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and dispersive wave. The obtained SC shows a high degree of coherence and a 15 fs temporal compressed pulse is generated in only 5 mm long AsSe2-As2S5 hybrid PCF. The power proportion of the SC generated beyond 4 μm is 98% with its long wavelength edge up to 20 μm. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained SC is the first broadest spectrum reported in the mid-infrared region with very low energy. Our results highlight the potential of the novel chalcogenide AsSe2-As2S5 multimaterial PCF to emit across the ultra-broadband mid-infrared atmospheric windows and the molecular fingerprint region.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a polarization-maintaining CS2-core photonic crystal fiber is designed and it is demonstrated that the x-polarization fundamental mode has an all-normal dispersion profile and the corresponding y-polarsization fundamental modes has an anomalous dispersion profiles for a pump wavelength of 1.76 μm.
Abstract: In this paper, we design a polarization-maintaining CS2-core photonic crystal fiber (PM-CCPCF). The two air holes in the x direction are infiltrated with C2H5OH in order to introduce birefringence. By optimizing the structure parameters of the PM-CCPCF, it is demonstrated that the x-polarization fundamental mode has an all-normal dispersion profile and the corresponding y-polarization fundamental mode has an anomalous dispersion profile for a pump wavelength of 1.76 μm. Then, we investigate the supercontinuum (SC) generations when different fiber lengths, pump peak powers, and pump pulse widths are chosen, respectively. Simulation results show that for the x-polarization and y-polarization fundamental modes, highly coherent SCs can be generated by appropriately choosing the fiber length and pump pulse parameters. Finally, nonlinear propagation dynamics are analysed when the optimized fiber length and pump pulse parameters are used. The bandwidth of the SCs generated for the x-polarization and y-polarization fundamental modes can be up to 0.82 and 1.26 octave, respectively.
18 citations
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the applications of supercontinuum sources and apply them to the field of littérature, including the use of microspectroscopies.
Abstract: .................................................................................................................................... III TABLE DES MATIERES ............................................................................................................... IV LISTE DES TABLEAUX................................................................................................................. VI LISTE DES FIGURES ................................................................................................................... VII LISTE DES ABBREVIATIONS ET DES ACRONYMES ........................................................... XI REMERCIEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... XIV AVANT-PROPOS ..........................................................................................................................XV 0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 0.1 Les motivations ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 0.2 Pourquoi le supercontinuum (en bref...) ? ..................................................................................................... 1 0.3 Pourquoi l’infrarouge moyen? ............................................................................................................................ 2 0.4 Pourquoi la fibre optique? .................................................................................................................................... 4 1. CHAPITRE 1 : BASES THEORIQUES ET APPLICATIONS SUR LA GENERATION DE SUPERCONTINUUM ............................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Applications des sources de supercontinuum .............................................................................................. 7 1.1.1 La télédétection ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 La microspectroscopie .................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Revue de littérature ............................................................................................................................................. 19 1.2.1 Les lasers de pompage disponibles émettant dans le mid-IR ...................................................................... 19 1.2.2 Les SC pompés par des lasers à l’état solide ......................................................................................................... 28 1.2.3 Les SC pompés par des lasers à fibre optique ...................................................................................................... 33 1.2.4 Conclusion de la revue de littérature ....................................................................................................................... 38 1.3 La fibre optique, sa conception et l’optique linéaire ............................................................................... 39 1.3.1 La fibre optique à saut d’indice ................................................................................................................................... 39 1.3.2 Le choix des verres ............................................................................................................................................................ 40 1.3.3 La constante de propagation et la dispersion de guidage .............................................................................. 44 1.3.4 Les techniques pour ajuster la dispersion de guidage ..................................................................................... 45
12 citations
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this article, both the birefringence and dispersion properties of a polarization-maintaining chalcogenide (ChG) photonic crystal fiber are numerically investigated by means of the finite element method.
Abstract: The photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a bunch of air holes enclosing the silica core field has momentous and compelling attributes when compared with the ordinary single-mode fibers. In this work, both the birefringence and dispersion properties of a polarization-maintaining chalcogenide (ChG) photonic crystal fiber are numerically investigated by means of the finite element method. Through simulation, it is found that the birefringence of the proposed $${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}}_{11.5}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}}_{24}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}}_{64.5}$$
PCF can reach as high as $$0.03$$
when compared with the conventional fiber that has merely $$5\times {10}^{-4}$$
for wavelengths in the 2–10
$$\upmu \mathrm{m}$$
range. The PCF is designed with zero-dispersion wavelengths for x- and y-polarized modes in the 2–10
$$\upmu \mathrm{m}$$
range. It is also observed that over the entire MIR wavelength range, the GVD remains positive and has a maximum value of 30,000 ps2/nm-km. Hence, the proposed $${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}}_{11.5}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}}_{24}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}}_{64.5}$$
PCF plays the dual role of acting as a very good polarization-maintaining fiber due to its very high birefringence and an excellent dispersion-compensating fiber due to its large positive GVD. This $${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}}_{11.5}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}}_{24}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}}_{64.5}$$
PCF serves as a very good candidate for ultra-broadband high bit-rate transmission. Supercontinuum generation is another important application of PCF. Supercontinuum generation is a generation of coherent and broadband light. SC generation in PCFs has several applications in optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical frequency metrology (OFM), pulse compression, and design of ultrafast femtosecond laser pulses.
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a real, highly nonlinear, As2Se3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber in which a supercontinuum spanning more than 2 octaves is generated at =2.8 µm in the femtosecond regime.
Abstract: We propose a real, highly nonlinear, As2Se3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber in which a supercontinuum (SC) spanning more than 2 octaves is generated at =2.8 µm in the femtosecond regime. The designed PCF is characterized for ultrabroadband mid-infrared SC generation in only few millimetres of fiber length. A full modal analysis of the optical properties of the fiber is presented in terms of the effective area, the nonlinearity coefficient, and the chromatic dispersion. A second-order Sellmeier approximation is proposed to estimate the variation of the refractive index of the As2Se3 material as a function of wavelength. The numerical study shows that a SC spanning from 1.9 to 4 µm can be generated in the chalcogenide PCF with an air-hole diameter of 1.26 µm and a pitch of 1.77 µm. We examine the interplay of the nonlinear effects that lead to the construction of the SC as a function of the input power and the fiber length. We find that the dynamics behind the SC generation is mainly ruled by the effects of self phase modulation and stimulated Raman scattering. The intrinsic properties of the chalcogenide glasses and the microstructure provide enhanced optical properties and offer numerous applications in the infrared field.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement technique for the phase and group birefringence of an optical fiber is thoroughly investigated, based on differential group delay measurements of twisted fibers and is capable of giving in a simple and elegant way the intrinsic bireFringence values in the absence of twist.
Abstract: A measurement technique for the phase and group birefringence of an optical fiber is thoroughly investigated. It is based on differential group delay measurements of twisted fibers and is capable of giving in a simple and elegant way the intrinsic birefringence values in the absence of twist. Analyzing various fibers with this method, we find that phase and group birefringence can be quite different for certain fiber types. Consequently, the commonly used assumption that in an optical fiber, phase and group birefringence are equal-and the resulting carelessness in distinguishing between these two a priori separate physical effects-is to be employed cautiously.
47 citations
TL;DR: The nonlinear propagation of subnanosecond pulses in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers is experimentally investigated, finding that the long-wavelength edge of the supercontinuum can be controlled thanks to the original linear properties inherent to solid- core photonicBandgap fibers.
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the nonlinear propagation of subnanosecond pulses in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers. By launching pulses with a few kilowatts peak power, a flat supercontinuum is generated. The long-wavelength edge of the supercontinuum can be controlled thanks to the original linear properties inherent to solid-core photonic bandgap fibers. This allows one to tailor the generated supercontinuum radiation and to keep it over a given spectral range of interest without any significant power loss.
44 citations
TL;DR: A highly birefringent polarization-maintaining chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber covering the 3-8.5 µm wavelength range has been realized for the first time.
Abstract: A highly birefringent polarization-maintaining chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) covering the 3-8.5 µm wavelength range has been realized for the first time. The fiber cross-section consists of 3 rings of circular air holes with 2 larger holes adjacent to the core. Birefringence properties are calculated by using the vector finite-element method and are compared to the experimental ones. The group birefringence is 1.5x10−3 and fiber losses are equal to 0.8 dB/m at 7.55 µm.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a rod-in-tube drawing technique was used to construct a 2 cm-long AsSe(2)-As(2)S(5) hybrid MOF (HMOF) for supercontinuum (SC) generation with the spectrum from 1256 to 5400 nm.
Abstract: novel AsSe(2)-As(2)S(5) hybrid MOF (HMOF) is designed and fabricated by the rod-in-tube drawing technique. The core is made from AsSe2 glass and the cladding is made from As(2)S(5) glass. The loss is ~1.2 dB/m at ~3000 nm. Zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of the HMOF is ~3380 nm. Supercontinuum (SC) generation in a 2 cm-long HMOF is investigated with the pump wavelengths of ~3062, 3241 and 3389 nm from a tunable optical parametric oscillator (OPO) system. Broadband midinfrared (MIR) SC generation with the spectrum from ~1256 to 5400 nm is obtained with the peak power of ~1337 kW at the wavelength of ~3389 nm.
35 citations