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Journal ArticleDOI

WorkOp-IV summary: lessons from iron opacities

TL;DR: The fourth international LTE opacity workshop and code comparison study, WorkOp-IV, was held in Madrid in 1997 as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on iron opacities, and the astrophysically important photon absorption region between 50 and 80 eV was emphasized for a sequence of iron plasmas at densities and temperatures that produce nearly the same average ionization stage (Z ∗ ∼8.6).
Abstract: The fourth international LTE opacity workshop and code comparison study, WorkOp-IV, was held in Madrid in 1997. Results of this workshop are summarized with a focus on iron opacities. In particular, the astrophysically important photon absorption region between 50 and 80 eV is emphasized for a sequence of iron plasmas at densities and temperatures that produce nearly the same average ionization stage (Z ∗ ∼8.6) . Experimental data that addressed this spectral region is also reviewed.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a foam hohlraum wall with an ignition laser pulse was used to drive an ignition target for laser fusion with significantly more energy than blue light (3$\omega$) and a relatively high damage threshold.
Abstract: Green light (2$\omega$) has the potential to drive ignition target for laser fusion with significantly more energy than blue light (3$\omega$) and a relatively higher damage threshold for the optic components in the final optic assembly, but it has issues of a relatively low laser to x-ray conversion efficiency and a hard x-ray spectrum as compared to 3$\omega$. In this paper, we propose to drive a foam hohlraum wall with an ignition laser pulse by taking a 4$\omega$ laser at the pre-pulse and a 2$\omega$ laser at the main-pulse, called as 4$\omega$ - 2$\omega$ ignition pulse. This novel design has the following advantages: (1) benefiting from 2$\omega$ of its relatively high energy output and low damage threshold during main-pulse, (2) benefiting from foam in its relatively high laser to x-ray conversion efficiency and relatively low M-band fraction in re-emission, (3) benefiting from 4$\omega$ of its low LPI during pre-pulse. From our 1D simulations with Au material, the laser to x-ray conversion in a foam driven by 4$\omega$ - 2$\omega$ pulse has an increase of $28\%$ as compared to a solid target driven by 3$\omega$ with the same pulse shape. The relatively thin optical depth of foam is one of the main reasons for the increase of laser to x-ray conversion efficiency inside a foam target.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Haan et al. as mentioned in this paper designed an octahedral spherical Au hohlraum for CH Rev5 ignition capsule and investigated its laser entrance hole (LEH) closure and laser-plasma instabilities (LPI) by using two different-size LEHs via 2D simulations.
Abstract: In this paper, we design an octahedral spherical Au hohlraum for CH Rev5 ignition capsule [S. W. Haan et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 051001 (2011)] by using the initial design method and two-dimensional (2D) simulations, and we investigate its laser entrance hole (LEH) closure and laser-plasma instabilities (LPI) by using a spherical hohlraum with two different-size LEHs via 2D simulations. The designed spherical hohlraum with RH=5 RC, RL=1.2 mm, and RL*=2RL requires an ignition laser pulse of 1.92 MJ in energy and 670 TW in peak power, where RH, RC, RL, and RL* are radii of the spherical hohlraum, capsule, LEH, and the cylindrical LEH outer ring, respectively. From 2D simulations, the closure and opening up of LEH are clearly obtained. The LEH closure and its rate are strongly connected to the radiation pulse, while the LEH opening-up and its rate are strongly connected to the laser pulse. The smallest radius of LEH during closure is 0.6 mm before opening up, which leaves enough room for arranging the laser b...

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to drive a foam hohlraum wall with an ignition laser pulse by taking a 4ω laser at the pre-pulse and a 2ω laser on the main pulse, called as 4ω-2ω ignition pulse.
Abstract: Green light (2ω) has the potential to drive ignition target for laser fusion with significantly more energy than blue light (3ω) and a relatively higher damage threshold for the optic components in the final optic assembly, but it has issues of a relatively low laser to x-ray conversion efficiency and a hard x-ray spectrum as compared to 3ω. In this paper, we propose to drive a foam hohlraum wall with an ignition laser pulse by taking a 4ω laser at the pre-pulse and a 2ω laser at the main-pulse, called as 4ω–2ω ignition pulse. This novel design has the following advantages: (1) benefiting from 2ω of its relatively high energy output and low damage threshold during main-pulse; (2) benefiting from foam in its relatively high laser to x-ray conversion efficiency and relatively low M-band fraction in re-emission; (3) benefiting from 4ω of its low LPI and low M-band fraction during pre-pulse. From our one-dimensional simulations with the Au material, the laser to x-ray conversion in a foam driven by 4ω–2ω puls...

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target on the laser megajoule (LMJ) and the National Ignition Facility (NIF) were used for implosion experiments.
Abstract: Implosion experiments of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target on the laser megajoule (LMJ) and the National Ignition Facility require, for certain designs, a precise timing coalescence of fo...

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the M-band flux asymmetry (MFA) in laser-driven cylindrical gold Hohlraums has been investigated and shown to facilitate the ablation and acceleration of the shell, and that positive P2 MFAs can result in negative P2 asymmetries of hot spots.
Abstract: Low-mode asymmetries in the laser-indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments conducted on the National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, S228 (2004)] are deemed the main obstacles hindering further improvement of the nuclear performance of deuterium-tritium-layered capsules. The dominant seeds of these asymmetries include the P2 and P4 asymmetries of x-ray drives and P2 asymmetry introduced by the supporting “tent.” Here, we explore the effects of another possible seed that can lead to low-mode asymmetric implosions, i.e., the M-band flux asymmetry (MFA) in laser-driven cylindrical gold Hohlraums. It is shown that the M-band flux facilitates the ablation and acceleration of the shell, and that positive P2 MFAs can result in negative P2 asymmetries of hot spots and positive P2 asymmetries of shell's ρR. An oblate or toroidal hot spot, depending on the P2 amplitude of MFA, forms at stagnation. The energy loss of such a hot spot via electron thermal conduction is ...

7 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of the absorption of X-rays by 1 to 2 transitions in Al XII through Al VIII have been made in a laser-heated slab plasma at the measured temperature and density of 58 ^ 4e V and 0.020 g cm~3.
Abstract: Measurements of the opacity of aluminum in a well characterized, hot, dense, laser produced plasma are reported. Measurements of the absorption of X-rays by 1 to 2 transitions in Al XII through Al VIII have been made in a laser-heated slab plasma at the measured temperature and density of 58 ^ 4e V and 0.020 ^ 0.007 g cm~3. Separate measurements of the temperature and density were made. The con- ditions in the plasma were determined to be reproducible, spatially uniform, and in nearly complete local thermodynamic equilibrium. The absorption spectra and the temperature-density data obtained provide an improved means for comparison with detailed atomic physics and opacity calculations. Subject headings: atomic datamethods: laboratoryplasmasX-rays: general

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of a niobium absorption experiment are presented that represent a major step in the development of techniques necessary for the quantitative characterization of hot, dense matter.
Abstract: Results of a niobium absorption experiment are presented that represent a major step in the development of techniques necessary for the quantitative characterization of hot, dense matter. The general requirements for performing quantitative analyses of absorption spectra are discussed. Hydrodynamic simulations are used to illustrate the behavior of tamped x-ray-heated matter and to indicate potential two-dimensional problems inherent in the technique. The absorption spectrum of a low-Z material, in this case aluminum, mixed with niobium provides a temperature diagnostic, which together with radiography as a density diagnostic fully characterizes the sample. A discussion is presented of opacity calculations and a comparison to the measurements is given that illustrates the need for experiments to provide a critical test of theory. The experimental technique is placed in context with a review of previous measurements using absorption spectroscopy to probe hot, dense matter. It is shown that the overall experimental concepts, although understood, were not always achieved in previous experiments. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

106 citations

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