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Journal ArticleDOI

WorkOp-IV summary: lessons from iron opacities

TL;DR: The fourth international LTE opacity workshop and code comparison study, WorkOp-IV, was held in Madrid in 1997 as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on iron opacities, and the astrophysically important photon absorption region between 50 and 80 eV was emphasized for a sequence of iron plasmas at densities and temperatures that produce nearly the same average ionization stage (Z ∗ ∼8.6).
Abstract: The fourth international LTE opacity workshop and code comparison study, WorkOp-IV, was held in Madrid in 1997. Results of this workshop are summarized with a focus on iron opacities. In particular, the astrophysically important photon absorption region between 50 and 80 eV is emphasized for a sequence of iron plasmas at densities and temperatures that produce nearly the same average ionization stage (Z ∗ ∼8.6) . Experimental data that addressed this spectral region is also reviewed.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a simple method to verify the opacity and EOS of high-Z plasmas in rarefactive states, which is build on the two key aspects of ablation processes.
Abstract: Accurate opacity and equation of state (EOS) data are important parameters for reliable modeling and understanding many phenomena of high energy density physics. However, they are difficult to obtain either theoretically or experimentally especially for high-Z plasmas. In this paper, we proposed a simple method to verify the opacity and EOS of high-Z plasmas in rarefactive states, which is build on the two key aspects of ablation processes, i.e., the propagation of heatwave into materials and the hydrodynamic expansion of the blow-off plasmas. Based on the integrated analysis of the Au foil burnthrough and foam-confined plasma expansion experiments performed on the Shenguang II and Shenguang III prototype laser facilities, we suggested two semi-empirical multipliers to adjust the opacity and EOS of Au plasma. These adjusted opacity and EOS may then provide a foundation for other radiation hydrodynamic simulations under similar drive conditions.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to use a 053μm laser for the laser ignition facilities and use a low density foam wall to increase the coupling efficiency from the laser to the capsule and present two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of 053 µm laser light irradiating an octahedral-s.
Abstract: The majority of solid state laser facilities built for laser fusion research irradiate targets with third harmonic light (035 μm) up-converted from the fundamental Nd wavelength at 105 μm The motivation for this choice of wavelength is improved laser-plasma coupling Significant disadvantages to this choice of wavelength are the reduced damage threshold of optical components and the efficiency of energy conversion to third harmonic light Both these issues are significantly improved if second harmonic (053 μm) radiation is used, but theory and experiments have shown lower optical to x-ray energy conversion efficiency and increased levels of laser-plasma instabilities, resulting in reduced laser-target coupling In this letter, we propose to use a 053 μm laser for the laser ignition facilities and use a low density foam wall to increase the coupling efficiency from the laser to the capsule and present two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of 053 μm laser light irradiating an octahedral-s

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has analyzed a radiative shock that propagated in xenon generated in an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System and addressed the effect of plasma self-absorption in the radiative precursor, the influence of the radiation emitted from the shocked shell and the plasmaself-emission in the radiatorative precursor.
Abstract: This work is divided into two parts In the first one, a study of radiative properties (such as monochromatic and the Rosseland and Planck mean opacities, monochromatic emissivities, and radiative power loss) and of the average ionization and charge state distribution of xenon plasmas in a range of plasma conditions of interest in laboratory astrophysics and extreme ultraviolet lithography is performed We have made a particular emphasis in the analysis of the validity of the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium and the influence of the atomic description in the calculation of the radiative properties Using the results obtained in this study, in the second part of the work we have analyzed a radiative shock that propagated in xenon generated in an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System In particular, we have addressed the effect of plasma self-absorption in the radiative precursor, the influence of the radiation emitted from the shocked shell and the plasma self-emission in the radiative precursor, the cooling time in the cooling layer, and the possibility of thermal instabilities in the postshock region

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized the thermodynamic regimes of xenon plasmas as a function of the matter density and temperature, and performed an analysis of the differences of NLTE and LTE simulations on several relevant plasma parameters.
Abstract: Xenon is a common element employed, for example, as impurity in magnetically confined plasmas or the medium in which radiative shocks propagate in laboratory astrophysics. In both situations, it is required the knowledge of plasma parameters such as the average ionization, the charge state distribution, the atomic level populations and the radiative properties. In most cases, the plasmas are under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) conditions and these quantities should be determined by means of the so-called collisionalradiative models. For a high Z element like xenon this is a complex task and entails a high computational cost since it is necessary to solve a very large set of rate equations. In this work are characterized the thermodynamic regimes of xenon plasmas as a function of the matter density and temperature. This fact will allow us to establish in which regions of density and temperature the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is accurate and also in which regions it can be retained to estimate some plasma parameters but not others. Moreover, it is also provided information about the average ionization in a wide range of plasma conditions which covers both LTE and NLTE regimes which is valuable information in order to optimize subsequent calculations. Finally, it is also performed an analysis of the differences of NLTE and LTE simulations on several relevant plasma parameters. With this purpose, a comparison is made between the results of the calculation using detailed NLTE modeling with simulations that use the same energy level structure, but atomic populations that are forced into LTE (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the determination of Rosseland and Planck mean analytical formulas for several single elements used in ICF targets is studied, and a scaling law of these mean opacities is given as a function of the plasma parameters: electron temperature and plasma density.
Abstract: This work is focused on the determination of Rosseland and Planck mean analytical formulas for several single elements used in ICF targets. A scaling law of these mean opacities is given as a function of the plasma parameters: electron temperature and plasma density. These opacities have been tested with numerical results from other codes and with available experimental results.

7 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of the absorption of X-rays by 1 to 2 transitions in Al XII through Al VIII have been made in a laser-heated slab plasma at the measured temperature and density of 58 ^ 4e V and 0.020 g cm~3.
Abstract: Measurements of the opacity of aluminum in a well characterized, hot, dense, laser produced plasma are reported. Measurements of the absorption of X-rays by 1 to 2 transitions in Al XII through Al VIII have been made in a laser-heated slab plasma at the measured temperature and density of 58 ^ 4e V and 0.020 ^ 0.007 g cm~3. Separate measurements of the temperature and density were made. The con- ditions in the plasma were determined to be reproducible, spatially uniform, and in nearly complete local thermodynamic equilibrium. The absorption spectra and the temperature-density data obtained provide an improved means for comparison with detailed atomic physics and opacity calculations. Subject headings: atomic datamethods: laboratoryplasmasX-rays: general

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of a niobium absorption experiment are presented that represent a major step in the development of techniques necessary for the quantitative characterization of hot, dense matter.
Abstract: Results of a niobium absorption experiment are presented that represent a major step in the development of techniques necessary for the quantitative characterization of hot, dense matter. The general requirements for performing quantitative analyses of absorption spectra are discussed. Hydrodynamic simulations are used to illustrate the behavior of tamped x-ray-heated matter and to indicate potential two-dimensional problems inherent in the technique. The absorption spectrum of a low-Z material, in this case aluminum, mixed with niobium provides a temperature diagnostic, which together with radiography as a density diagnostic fully characterizes the sample. A discussion is presented of opacity calculations and a comparison to the measurements is given that illustrates the need for experiments to provide a critical test of theory. The experimental technique is placed in context with a review of previous measurements using absorption spectroscopy to probe hot, dense matter. It is shown that the overall experimental concepts, although understood, were not always achieved in previous experiments. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

106 citations

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