Book•
World Cancer Report 2014
01 Apr 2014-
TL;DR: The impacts of tobacco, obesity, and infections are just part of a broad spectrum of other agents and risk factors that contribute to cancer development and that, together, influence the striking geographical heterogeneity in incidence rates.
Abstract: The impacts of tobacco, obesity, and infections are just part of a broad spectrum of other agents and risk factors that contribute to cancer development and that, together, influence the striking geographical heterogeneity in incidence rates Certain of these risk factors are non-modifiable, for example race, familial genetic background, and reproductive and hormonal history Exposure to carcinogens may result from what are often characterized as lifestyle choices, which include alcohol consumption and behaviour in relation to avoidable sun exposure
Includes chapters:
22 Tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use Genetic susceptibility to tobacco-related cancers p88
23 Alcohol consumption p96
41 Changing behaviours – tobacco control Australia’s plain packaging of tobacco products Tobacco and China p268
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TL;DR: This study describes a representative collection of well-characterized BC organoids available for cancer research and drug development, as well as a strategy to assess in vitro drug response in a personalized fashion.
1,080 citations
Cites background from "World Cancer Report 2014"
...Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and cause of cancer death among women worldwide (Stewart and Wild, 2014)....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: The set-up and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LITS) organized in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2016 and International Conference on Medical Image Computing Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2017 are reported.
Abstract: In this work, we report the set-up and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LITS) organized in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2016 and International Conference On Medical Image Computing Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2017. Twenty four valid state-of-the-art liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 131 computed tomography (CT) volumes with different types of tumor contrast levels (hyper-/hypo-intense), abnormalities in tissues (metastasectomie) size and varying amount of lesions. The submitted algorithms have been tested on 70 undisclosed volumes. The dataset is created in collaboration with seven hospitals and research institutions and manually reviewed by independent three radiologists. We found that not a single algorithm performed best for liver and tumors. The best liver segmentation algorithm achieved a Dice score of 0.96(MICCAI) whereas for tumor segmentation the best algorithm evaluated at 0.67(ISBI) and 0.70(MICCAI). The LITS image data and manual annotations continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system as an ongoing benchmarking resource.
533 citations
Cites background from "World Cancer Report 2014"
...From a global perspective primary liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death and is the sixth most frequent cancer [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the functional role of a novel circRNA, circCCDC66, in colorectal cancer (CRC) was characterized using RNA-Seq data from matched normal and tumor colon tissue samples.
Abstract: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA whose functions remain mostly unknown. Recent studies indicate circRNA may be involved in disease pathogenesis, but direct evidence is scarce. Here we characterize the functional role of a novel circRNA, circCCDC66, in colorectal cancer (CRC). RNA-Seq data from matched normal and tumor colon tissue samples identified numerous circRNAs specifically elevated in cancer cells, several of which were verified by quantitative RT-PCR. CircCCDC66 expression was elevated in polyps and colon cancer and was associated with poor prognosis. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in CRC cell-lines demonstrated that circCCDC66 controlled multiple pathological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. In-depth characterization revealed that circCCDC66 exerts its function via regulation of a subset of oncogenes, and knockdown of circCCDC66 inhibited tumor growth and cancer invasion in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight a novel oncogenic function of circRNA in cancer progression and metastasis.
509 citations
TL;DR: A mouse model recapitulating key features of human metabolic syndrome, NASH, and HCC by long-term feeding of a choline-deficient high-fat diet is developed, demonstrating that distinct molecular mechanisms determine NASH and H CC development.
489 citations
Cites background from "World Cancer Report 2014"
...A dramatic rise in cancer incidence is expected due to high caloric intake, smoking and sedentary lifestyle, doubling within the next two decades (Stewart and Wild, 2014)....
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TL;DR: Endometrial cancer incidence rates increased over time and in successive generations in several countries, especially in those countries with rapid socioeconomic transitions, with South Africa and several countries in Asia showing the largest increase.
Abstract: Background Cancers of the corpus uteri-primarily of the endometrium-rank as the sixth most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Analyses of the global patterns and trends of uterine cancer rates are needed in view of the ongoing obesity epidemic, a major risk factor for the disease. Methods Data on endometrial cancer (ICD-10 C54) incidence from population-based cancer registries in 43 populations, published in CI5plus or by registries, were extracted for 1978 to 2013. Age-standardized incidence rates were computed for all ages and for pre- (25-49 years) and postmenopausal ages (50 years and older). Temporal trends were assessed with Joinpoint analysis, and the effects of birth cohort and year of diagnosis on the overall trends were examined using age-period-cohort modeling. Results In 2006 to 2007, rates varied 10-fold across countries. The highest rates were in North America, Eastern and Northern Europe (19 cases per 100 000 among whites in the United States, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 18 to 20, and in Slovakia, 95% CI = 18 to 21), and the lowest rates were in middle-income countries (South Africa 1, 95% CI = 0 to 3, and India 3, 95% CI = 3 to 4). Rates during the most recent 10 data years increased in 26 of the 43 populations considered in this study, with South Africa and several countries in Asia showing the largest increase. The risk of endometrial cancer increased both in consecutive generations and over time in 11 of 23 populations, with the increases more pronounced in Japan, the Philippines, Belarus, Singapore, Costa Rica, and New Zealand. Conclusions Endometrial cancer incidence rates increased over time and in successive generations in several countries, especially in those countries with rapid socioeconomic transitions.
443 citations