World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, part 2: Long-term treatment of schizophrenia
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...Estimated life-time prevalence rates for substance abuse in schizophrenia range from approximately 15 to 65% (Kovanaszay et al. 1997; Regier et al. 1990; Wobrock et al. 2004)....
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...Schizophrenia has been estimated to be one of 30 leading courses of disability worldwide (Murray and Lopez 1997)....
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...In most controlled trials of FGAs in patients with drug-resistant symptoms, the percentage of responders was fewer than 5% (Kane et al. 1988) or in the range of 3 /7% (Kinon et al. 1993), changing the FGA once or twice if response failed....
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...1994), superior in a doubleblind trial compared to chlorpromazine (Kane et al. 1988), not significantly superior to haloperidol in one study (Breier et al....
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...Clozapine was found to be effective in open, noncomparative trials in treatment refractory patients with more-or-less predominant negative symptoms (Meltzer et al. 1989; Meltzer 1992; Lindenmayer et al. 1994) and in a double-blind trial compared to chlorpromazine (Kane et al. 1988)....
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...…and global response rate using mean doses of 176 /600 mg/day clozapine compared to chlorpromazine (mean dose approximately 1200 mg/day) and haloperidol (doses between 16 /28 mg/day) (Kane et al. 1988, 2001; Kumra et al. 1996; Hong et al. 1997; Buchanan et al. 1998; Rosenheck et al. 1997)....
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3,446 citations
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...Cognitive functioning is a correlate of global and specific functional outcome in schizo- phrenia and cognitive impairments account for significant variance in measures of functional status (Green 1996)....
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