World Prison Population: Facts, Trends and Solutions
01 Jan 2001-
About: The article was published on 2001-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 22 citations till now.
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TL;DR: SSA countries showed a reduction of psychiatric bed rates from already very low levels, which may correspond to a crisis in acute psychiatric care, which indicates that developments in the region may not have been based on coordinated policies and reflects unique circumstances faced by the individual countries.
Abstract: Background Psychiatric bed numbers (general, forensic, and residential) and prison populations have been considered indicators of institutionalization. The present study aimed to assess changes of those indicators across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1990 to 2020. Methods We retrospectively obtained data on psychiatric bed numbers and prison populations from 46 countries in SSA between 1990 and 2020. Mean and median rates, as well as percentage changes between first and last data points were calculated for all of SSA and for groups of countries based on income levels. Results Primary data were retrieved from 17 out of 48 countries. Data from secondary sources were used for 29 countries. From two countries, data were unavailable. The median rate of psychiatric beds decreased from 3.0 to 2.2 per 100 000 population (median percentage change = -16.1%) between 1990 and 2020. Beds in forensic and residential facilities were nonexistent in most countries of SSA in 2020, and no trend for building those capacities was detected. The median prison population rate also decreased from 77.8 to 71.0 per 100 000 population (-7.8%). There were lower rates of psychiatric beds and prison populations in low-income and lower-middle income countries compared with upper-middle income countries. Conclusions SSA countries showed, on average, a reduction of psychiatric bed rates from already very low levels, which may correspond to a crisis in acute psychiatric care. Psychiatric bed rates were, on average, about one twenty-fifth of countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), while prison population rates were similar. The heterogeneity of trends among SSA countries over the last three decades indicates that developments in the region may not have been based on coordinated policies and reflects unique circumstances faced by the individual countries.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the present conditions and management of the District Jail of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology of Tuguegarao City in the province of Cagayan specifically looking into the programming and documentation and assessment services by the institution on persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) more popularly known as detainees.
Abstract: The Local Government Code of the Philippines otherwise known as Republic Act 6975 is the governing law that paved the way for the creation of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). It was created replacing its forerunner, the Office of Jail Management and Penology of the defunct Philippine Constabulary/Integrated National Police. This study attempted to ascertain the present conditions and management of the District Jail of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology of Tuguegarao City in the province of Cagayan specifically looking into the programming and documentation and assessment services by the institution on persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) more popularly known as detainees. This study utilized the three hundred sixteen (316) detainees, sixty-four (64) personnel and twenty-one (21) visitors as the source of the data needed in this undertaking. The descriptive correlational method of research was used (Fraenkel and Wallen 1993). The descriptive statistics was employed to summarize the mean and the weighted mean was utilized in the analysis and interpretation of the perception of the respondents as regards the different domains. For the analysis and interpretation of the perception of the respondents as regards to the different domains, the Kruskal Wallis Test and One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. A questionnaire was utilized to gather information from the respondents which consisted of the two domains, namely: the programming domain and the documentation and assessment of the inmate behavior domain. This revised data gathering tool was patterned from Dr. Raymund E. Narag in his study entitled “Baseline Study on the Philippine Penal Conditions in coordination with the CHR-Phils.” This study pointed out that the facilities and services specifically the programming and on the documentation and assessment services provided by the detention center are within the category labelled as “meeting standards”as revealed in the results of this undertaking. Thus, it is strongly recommended, by way of innovative measure and enforcement that the BJMP should device a scheme on a greater provision of the basic needs of the inmates through the inclusion of a bigger budget allocation and a mechanism for the provision on the needs of the LGBT inmates specifically on the separate housing to provide them the privacy of personal needs attendant to their sexual orientation.
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References
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) as mentioned in this paper is the most far-reaching program of fully standardised sample surveys looking at householders' experience of crime in different countries.
Abstract: The International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS) is the most far-reaching programme of fully standardised sample surveys looking at householders' experience of crime in different countries. The first ICVS took place in 1989, the second in 1992, and the third in 1996. Surveys have been carried out in over 50 countries since 1989, including a large number of city surveys in developing countries and countries in transition. This report deals with eleven industrialised countries which took part in the third sweep.
273 citations
"World Prison Population: Facts, Tre..." refers background in this paper
...The International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS, see van Kesteren et al., 2000) includes a question on public attitudes to punishment, asking the respondents what sentence they considered most appropriate for a recidivist burglar - a man aged 21 who is found guilty of burglary for the second time,…...
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TL;DR: Most explanations of the unprecedented increase in American incarceration rates are inadequate as discussed by the authors, and crime rate increases, more punitive public attitudes, postmodernist angst, and cynical politics are all only part of the explanation.
Abstract: Most explanations of the unprecedented increase in American incarceration rates are inadequate. Crime rate increases, more punitive public attitudes, postmodernist angst, and cynical politics are all only part of the explanation. Those things characterize all Western countries; in some of these countries, imprisonment rates have long been stable or declining, and, where they are rising, absolute levels and rates of increase are dwarfed by those in America. The scale of the phenomenon is distinctly American. It arises partly from American moralism and partly from structural characteristics of American government that provide little insulation from emotions generated by moral panics and longterm cycles of tolerance and intolerance.
149 citations