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Journal ArticleDOI

X-ray analysis of ZnO nanoparticles by Williamson–Hall and size–strain plot methods

01 Jan 2011-Solid State Sciences (Elsevier Masson)-Vol. 13, Iss: 1, pp 251-256
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Williamson-Hall analysis and size-strain plot method to study the individual contributions of crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of ZnO-NPs.
About: This article is published in Solid State Sciences.The article was published on 2011-01-01. It has received 1784 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Wurtzite crystal structure & Hexagonal phase.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the average particle size has been determined from Williamson-Hall, Size-Strain, Halder-Wagner Methods and compared with HR-TEM, AFM, and SEM analysis.

487 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the antibacterial effect of bare as well as TG capped ZnO NPs were due to membrane lipid peroxidation caused by the ROS generated during Zn O NPs interaction in culture medium.

371 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 May 2019-Joule
TL;DR: In this article, a strategy of alternatively manipulating the interaction force between atoms through lattice strains without changing the composition, for remarkably reducing the lattice thermal conductivity without reducing carrier mobility, in Na 0.03Eu0.03Sn0.92Te with stable lattice dislocations.

295 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A facile ball-milling method was developed to enhance binding strength of NiFe hydroxide to oxygenated intermediates via generating tensile strain, which reduced the anti-bonding filling states in the d orbital and thus facilitated oxygenated intermediaryates adsorption.
Abstract: The binding strength of reactive intermediates with catalytically active sites plays a crucial role in governing catalytic performance of electrocatalysts. NiFe hydroxide offers efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis in alkaline electrolyte, however weak binding of oxygenated intermediates on NiFe hydroxide still badly limits its catalytic activity. Now, a facile ball-milling method was developed to enhance binding strength of NiFe hydroxide to oxygenated intermediates via generating tensile strain, which reduced the anti-bonding filling states in the d orbital and thus facilitated oxygenated intermediates adsorption. The NiFe hydroxide with tensile strain increasing after ball-milling exhibits an OER onset potential as low as 1.44 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) and requires only a 270 mV overpotential to reach a water oxidation current density of 10 mA cm-2 .

287 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that FA should be used for lead halide perovskites for chemical stability instead of MA, and additives that stabilize the crystal phase with α-FAPbI3 should eschew MA.
Abstract: Hybrid lead halide perovskite materials are used in solar cells and show efficiencies greater than 23%. Furthermore, they are applied in light-emitting diodes, X-ray detectors, thin-film transistors, thermoelectrics, and memory devices. Lead trihalide hybrid materials contain methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) (or a mixture), or long alkylammonium halides, as alternative organic cations. However, the intrinsic stability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is not very high, and they are chemically unstable when exposed to moisture, light, or heat because of their organic contents and low formation energies. Therefore, although improvements in the chemical stability are crucial, changing the material composition is challenging because it is directly related to the desired application requirements. Fortunately, hybrid lead halide perovskites have a very high tolerance toward changes in physical properties arising from doping or addition of different cations and anions, in many cases showing improved properties. Here, the intrinsic instability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is reviewed in relation to the crystal phase and chemical stability. It is suggested that FA should be used for lead halide perovskites for chemical stability instead of MA. Furthermore, additives that stabilize the crystal phase with α-FAPbI3 should eschew MA.

255 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 2001

19,319 citations


"X-ray analysis of ZnO nanoparticles..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Thewurtzite lattice parameters such as the values of d, the distance between adjacent planes in the Miller indices (hkl) (calculated from the Bragg equation, l1⁄4 2d sinq), lattice constants a, b, and c, interplanar angle (the angle 4 between the planes (h1k1l1), of spacing d1 and the plane (h2k2l2) of spacing d2), and unit cell volumes are calculated from the Lattice Geometry equation as presented below [18]....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1956
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a chemical analysis of X-ray diffraction by Xray Spectrometry and phase-diagram Determination of single crystal structures and phase diagrams.
Abstract: 1. Properties of X-rays. 2. Geometry of Crystals. 3. Diffraction I: Directions of Diffracted Beams. 4. Diffraction II: Intensities of Diffracted Beams. 5. Diffraction III: Non-Ideal Samples. 6. Laure Photographs. 7. Powder Photographs. 8. Diffractometer and Spectrometer. 9. Orientation and Quality of Single Crystals. 10. Structure of Polycrystalline Aggregates. 11. Determination of Crystal Structure. 12. Precise Parameter Measurements. 13. Phase-Diagram Determination. 14. Order-Disorder Transformation. 15. Chemical Analysis of X-ray Diffraction. 16. Chemical Analysis by X-ray Spectrometry. 17. Measurements of Residual Stress. 18. Polymers. 19. Small Angle Scatters. 20. Transmission Electron Microscope.

17,428 citations

Book
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical properties of crystals systematically in tensor notation are presented, presenting tensor properties in terms of their common mathematical basis and the thermodynamic relations between them.
Abstract: First published in 1957, this classic study has been reissued in a paperback version that includes an additional chapter bringing the material up to date. The author formulates the physical properties of crystals systematically in tensor notation, presenting tensor properties in terms of their common mathematical basis and the thermodynamic relations between them. The mathematical groundwork is laid in a discussion of tensors of the first and second ranks. Tensors of higher ranks and matrix methods are then introduced as natural developments of the theory. A similar pattern is followed in discussing thermodynamic and optical aspects.

8,520 citations

Book
09 Jun 2013
TL;DR: In this article, X-Rays and Diffraction Lattices and Crystal Structures and Hexagonal Structures are used for X-Ray Diffraction Experimental Modules: Crystal structure determination, I: Cubic Structures Crystal Structure Determination, II: Hexagonal structures Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements Phase Diagram Determination Detection of Long-Range Ordering Determination of Crystallite Size and Lattite Strain Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures Identification of an Unknown Specimen: Appendices: Plane-Spacing Equations and Unit
Abstract: Basics: X-Rays and Diffraction Lattices and Crystal Structures Practical Aspects of X-Ray Diffraction Experimental Modules: Crystal Structure Determination, I: Cubic Structures Crystal Structure Determination, II: Hexagonal Structures Precise Lattice Parameter Measurements Phase Diagram Determination Detection of Long-Range Ordering Determination of Crystallite Size and Lattice Strain Quantitative Analysis of Powder Mixtures Identification of an Unknown Specimen: Appendices: Plane-Spacing Equations and Unit Cell Volumes Quadratic Forms of Miller Indices for the Cubic System Atomic and Ionic Scattering Factors of Some Selected Elements Summary of Structure Factor Calculations Mass Absorption Coefficients mu/rho (cm2/g) and Densities rho (g/cm3) of Some Selected Elements Multiplicity Factors Lorentz-Polarization Factor Physical Constants and Conversion Factors JCPDS-ICDD Card Numbers for Some Common Materials Index

1,594 citations


"X-ray analysis of ZnO nanoparticles..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...WeH analysis is a simplified integral breadth method where size-induced and strain-induced broadening are deconvoluted by considering the peak width as a function of 2q [17]....

    [...]

MonographDOI
15 May 2006

728 citations