X-ray emission line gas in the LINER galaxy M 81

TLDR: In this paper, the soft X-ray spectrum of the LINER galaxy M 81 derived from a long observation with the XMM- Newton RGS is presented, which is dominated by continuum emission from the active nucleus, but also contains emission lines from Fe L, and H-like and He-like N, O, and Ne.

Abstract: We present the soft X-ray spectrum of the LINER galaxy M 81 derived from a long observation with the XMM- Newton RGS. The spectrum is dominated by continuum emission from the active nucleus, but also contains emission lines from Fe L, and H-like and He-like N, O, and Ne. The emission lines are significantly broader than the RGS point-source spectral resolution; in the cross dispersion direction the emission lines are detected adjacent to, as well as coincident with, the active nucleus. This implies that they originate in a region of a few arcminutes spatial extent (1 arcmin ∼ 1 kpc in M 81). The flux ratios of the O VII triplet suggest that collisional processes are responsible for the line emission. A good fit to the whole RGS spectrum is obtained using a model consisting of an absorbed power law from the active nucleus and a 3 temperature optically thin thermal plasma. Two of the thermal plasma components have temperatures of 0.18 ± 0.04 keV and 0.64 ± 0.04 keV, characteristic of the hot interstellar medium produced by supernovae; the combined luminosity of the plasma at these two temperatures accounts for all the unresolved bulge X-ray emission seen in the Chandra observation by Tennant et al. (2001). The third component has a higher temperature (1.7 +2.1 −0.5 keV), and we argue that this, along with some of the 0.64 keV emission, comes from X-ray binaries in the bulge of M 81.