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X-ray Free-electron Lasers
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TLDR
In this paper, the physics and characteristic properties of single-pass FELs, as well as current technical developments aiming for fully coherent x-ray radiation pulses with pulse durations in the 100 fs to 100 as range are reviewed.Abstract:
In a free-electron laser (FEL) the lasing medium is a high-energy beam of electrons flying with relativistic speed through a periodic magnetic field. The interaction between the synchrotron radiation that is produced and the electrons in the beam induces a periodic bunching of the electrons, greatly increasing the intensity of radiation produced at a particular wavelength. Depending only on a phase match between the electron energy and the magnetic period, the wavelength of the FEL radiation can be continuously tuned within a wide spectral range. The FEL concept can be adapted to produce radiation wavelengths from millimeters to Angstroms, and can in principle produce hard x-ray beams with unprecedented peak brightness, exceeding that of the brightest synchrotron source by ten orders of magnitude or more. This paper focuses on short-wavelength FELs. It reviews the physics and characteristic properties of single-pass FELs, as well as current technical developments aiming for fully coherent x-ray radiation pulses with pulse durations in the 100 fs to 100 as range. First experimental results at wavelengths around 100 nm and examples of scientific applications planned on the new, emerging x-ray FEL facilities are presented.read more
Citations
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Reactivity of Surface Species in Heterogeneous Catalysts Probed by In Situ X-ray Absorption Techniques
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Laser-driven nonlinear cluster dynamics
Th. Fennel,Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer,J. Tiggesbäumker,Paul-Gerhard Reinhard,Phuong Mai Dinh,Eric Suraud +5 more
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Review of third and next generation synchrotron light sources
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Gas detectors for x-ray lasers
K. Tiedtke,Josef Feldhaus,U. Hahn,U. Jastrow,T. Nunez,Thomas Tschentscher,S. V. Bobashev,A. A. Sorokin,Jerome B. Hastings,S. Möller,L. Cibik,Alexander Gottwald,Arne Hoehl,Udo Kroth,Michael Krumrey,Hendrik Schöppe,Gerhard Ulm,M. Richter +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed different types of photodetectors that are based on the photoionization of a gas at a low target density for online photon diagnostics at current and future x-ray free-electron laser facilities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
First Operation of a Free-Electron Laser
David A. G. Deacon,Luis R. Elias,John M. J. Madey,G. J. Ramian,H.A. Schwettman,Todd I. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: A free-electron laser oscillator has been operated above threshold at a wavelength of 3.4 µm as discussed by the authors, where µm is the number of free electrons in a single photon.
Book
The Physics of Free Electron Lasers
TL;DR: One-dimensional theory of the FEL Amplifier was proposed in this article, starting from shot noise, and the one-dimensional theories of FEL Oscillator and Waveguide FEL were discussed.
Observation of stimulated emission of radiation by relativistic electrons in a spatially periodic transverse magnetic field
TL;DR: In this paper, gain has been observed at 10.6 micrometers due to stimulated emission of radiation by relativistic electrons in a spatially periodic transverse magnetic field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectrum, Temporal Structure, and Fluctuations in a High-Gain Free-Electron Laser Starting from Noise
R. Bonifacio,R. Bonifacio,R. Bonifacio,L. De Salvo,L. De Salvo,L. De Salvo,Paolo Pierini,Paolo Pierini,Paolo Pierini,Nicola Piovella,Nicola Piovella,Nicola Piovella,Claudio Pellegrini,Claudio Pellegrini,Claudio Pellegrini +14 more
TL;DR: The field evolution is dominated by slippage effects in both cases, and shows the presence of superradiant spikes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generation of GW radiation pulses from a VUV free-electron laser operating in the femtosecond regime.
Valeri Ayvazyan,N. Baboi,I. Bohnet,R. Brinkmann,M. Castellano,P. Castro,L. Catani,S. Choroba,Alessandro Cianchi,Martin Dohlus,H. Edwards,Bart Faatz,A.A. Fateev,Josef Feldhaus,Klaus Flöttmann,A. Gamp,T. Garvey,Harald Genz,Ch. Gerth,V. Gretchko,Bagrat Grigoryan,U. Hahn,C. Hessler,Katja Honkavaara,M. Hüning,Rasmus Ischebeck,M. Jablonka,Thorsten Kamps,M. Körfer,Mikhail Krassilnikov,Jacek Krzywinski,Matthias Liepe,A. Liero,T. Limberg,H. Loos,M. Luong,C. Magne,J. Menzel,Paolo Michelato,M. Minty,U. Müller,D. Nölle,A. Novokhatski,Carlo Pagani,F. Peters,J. Pflüger,Philippe Piot,Lukasz Plucinski,K. Rehlich,I. Reyzl,Achim Richter,Jörg Rossbach,E.L. Saldin,Wolfgang Sandner,Holger Schlarb,Gerhard Schmidt,Peter Schmüser,J. Schneider,Evgeny Schneidmiller,H. J. Schreiber,Siegfried Schreiber,Daniele Sertore,Stefan Setzer,S. Simrock,R. Sobierajski,B. Sonntag,B. Steeg,Frank Stephan,K. P. Sytchev,Kai Tiedtke,M. Tonutti,Rolf Treusch,D. Trines,D. Türke,V. Verzilov,Rainer Wanzenberg,Thomas Weiland,H. Weise,M. Wendt,Ingo Will,S. Wolff,K. Wittenburg,Mikhail Yurkov,K. Zapfe +83 more
TL;DR: The generation of ultrashort radiation pulses became possible due to specific tailoring of the bunch charge distribution and a complete characterization of the linear and nonlinear modes of the SASE FEL operation was performed.