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Journal ArticleDOI

Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Theo Vos, Abraham D. Flaxman1, Mohsen Naghavi1, Rafael Lozano1  +360 moreInstitutions (143)
15 Dec 2012-The Lancet (Elsevier)-Vol. 380, Iss: 9859, pp 2163-2196
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
About: This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2012-12-15 and is currently open access. It has received 7021 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Years of potential life lost & Global health.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this article is to discuss the current scientific understanding of pain and present why additional factors should be considered in conservative CLBP management, including information on how large a change must be for it to be considered “real" in an individual patient.
Abstract: Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common clinical condition that has impacts at both the individual and societal level. Pain intensity is a primary outcome used in clinical practice to quantify the severity of CLBP and the efficacy of its treatment; however, pain is a subjective experience that is impacted by a multitude of factors. Moreover, differences in effect sizes for pain intensity are not observed between common conservative treatments, such as spinal manipulative therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, acupuncture, and exercise training. As pain science evolves, the biopsychosocial model is gaining interest in its application for CLBP management. The aim of this article is to discuss our current scientific understanding of pain and present why additional factors should be considered in conservative CLBP management. In addition to pain intensity, we recommend that clinicians should consider assessing the multidimensional nature of CLBP by including physical (disability, muscular strength and endurance, performance in activities of daily living, and body composition), psychological (kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance, pain catastrophizing, pain self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality), social (social functioning and work absenteeism), and health-related quality-of-life measures, depending on what is deemed relevant for each individual. This review also provides practical recommendations to clinicians for the assessment of outcomes beyond pain intensity, including information on how large a change must be for it to be considered "real" in an individual patient. This information can guide treatment selection when working with an individual with CLBP.

84 citations


Cites background from "Years lived with disability (YLDs) ..."

  • ...Low back pain (LBP) occurs in 40% to 85% of people at some point in their lives(1,2) and remains the leading cause of reduced function and years lived with disability worldwide.(3,4) Costs of LBP in the United States were shown to be as high as US$102 billion per year....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2016-Chest
TL;DR: The substantial increase in COPD cases represents an ongoing challenge given the rapidly aging Chinese population and a targeted control and prevention strategy should be developed at a provincial level to reduce the burden caused by COPD.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To determine the dose response effect of weight loss on clinical and mechanistic outcomes in overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis, a large number of subjects were obese or severely overweight.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the dose response effect of weight loss on clinical and mechanistic outcomes in overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the diet-induced weight loss only (D) and diet-induced weight loss plus exercise (D + E) groups in the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis randomized controlled clinical trial. The 240 participants were overweight and obese older community-dwelling adults with pain and radiographic knee OA. Participants were assigned to 1 of 4 groups according to weight loss achieved over an 18-month period: 20% (≥20% group). RESULTS There were significant dose responses to weight loss for pain (P = 0.01), function (P = 0.0006), 6-minute walk distance (P < 0.0001), physical (P = 0.0004) and mental (P = 0.03) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), knee joint compressive force (P < 0.0001), and interleukin-6 (P = 0.002). Greater weight loss resulted in superior clinical and mechanstic outcomes, with the highest weight loss group (≥20% group) distinguishing itself on all measures compared with the <5% and ≥5% groups; the ≥20% group had 25% less pain and better function compared with the ≥10% group and significantly (P = 0.006) better physical HRQoL. CONCLUSION Long-term weight loss of 10-19.9% of baseline body weight has substantial clinical and mechanistic benefits compared with less weight loss. The value of an additional 10% weight loss includes significantly improved physical HRQoL and a clinically important reduction of pain and improvement in function.

83 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a cohort study tracking 20-year age-related declines in multiple organ systems finds that, already by midlife, those aging fastest showed cognitive declines, signs of brain aging, diminished sensory-motor function and negative views about aging.
Abstract: Some humans age faster than others. Variation in biological aging can be measured in midlife, but the implications of this variation are poorly understood. We tested associations between midlife biological aging and indicators of future frailty risk in the Dunedin cohort of 1,037 infants born the same year and followed to age 45. Participants’ ‘Pace of Aging’ was quantified by tracking declining function in 19 biomarkers indexing the cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, immune, dental and pulmonary systems across ages 26, 32, 38 and 45 years. At age 45 in 2019, participants with faster Pace of Aging had more cognitive difficulties, signs of advanced brain aging, diminished sensory–motor functions, older appearances and more pessimistic perceptions of aging. People who are aging more rapidly than same-age peers in midlife may prematurely need supports to sustain independence that are usually reserved for older adults. Chronological age does not adequately identify need for such supports. A cohort study tracking 20-year age-related declines in multiple organ systems finds that, already by midlife, those aging fastest showed cognitive declines, signs of brain aging, diminished sensory–motor function and negative views about aging.

83 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this work was to assess efficacy and tolerability of simvastatin plus vitamin D for migraine prevention in adults with episodic migraine.
Abstract: Objective The aim of this work was to assess efficacy and tolerability of simvastatin plus vitamin D for migraine prevention in adults with episodic migraine. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a 12-week baseline period and 24-week intervention period in 57 adults with episodic migraine. Participants were randomly assigned to simvastatin 20 mg tablets twice-daily plus vitamin D3 1,000 international units capsules twice-daily or matching placebo tablets and capsules. Results Compared to placebo, participants using simvastatin plus vitamin D3 demonstrated a greater decrease in number of migraine days from the baseline period to intervention weeks 1 to 12: a change of –8.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: −15.0 to −2.0) days in the active treatment group versus +1.0 (IQR: −1.0 to + 6.0) days in the placebo group, p < 0.001; and to intervention weeks 13 to 24: a change of −9.0 (IQR: −13 to −5) days in the active group versus +3.0 (IQR: −1.0 to + 5.0) days in the placebo group, p < 0.001. In the active treatment group, 8 patients (25%) experienced 50% reduction in the number of migraine days at 12 weeks and 9 (29%) at 24 weeks postrandomization. In comparison, only 1 patient (3%) in the placebo group (p = 0.03) experienced such a reduction. Adverse events were similar in both active treatment and placebo groups. Interpretation The results demonstrate that simvastatin plus vitamin D is effective for prevention of headache in adults with episodic migraine. Given statins' ability to repair endothelial dysfunction, this economical approach may also reduce the increased risk for vascular diseases among migraineurs. Ann Neurol 2015;78:970–981

83 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rafael Lozano1, Mohsen Naghavi1, Kyle J Foreman2, Stephen S Lim1  +192 moreInstitutions (95)
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex, using the Cause of Death Ensemble model.

11,809 citations

Book
31 Dec 1997
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to establish a database of histological groups and to provide a level of consistency and quality of data that could be applied in the design of future registries.
Abstract: 1. Techniques of registration 2. Classification and coding 3. Histological groups 4. Comparability and quality of data 5. Data processing 6. Age-standardization 7. Incidence data by site and sex for each registry 8. Summary tables presenting age-standardized rates 9. Data on histological type for selected sites

10,160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jun 2003-JAMA
TL;DR: Notably, major depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment, and while the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern.
Abstract: ContextUncertainties exist about prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD).ObjectiveTo present nationally representative data on prevalence and correlates of MDD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and on study patterns and correlates of treatment and treatment adequacy from the recently completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).DesignFace-to-face household survey conducted from February 2001 to December 2002.SettingThe 48 contiguous United States.ParticipantsHousehold residents ages 18 years or older (N = 9090) who responded to the NCS-R survey.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence and correlates of MDD using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 12-month severity with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR), the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and the WHO disability assessment scale (WHO-DAS). Clinical reinterviews used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.ResultsThe prevalence of CIDI MDD for lifetime was 16.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1-17.3) (32.6-35.1 million US adults) and for 12-month was 6.6% (95% CI, 5.9-7.3) (13.1-14.2 million US adults). Virtually all CIDI 12-month cases were independently classified as clinically significant using the QIDS-SR, with 10.4% mild, 38.6% moderate, 38.0% severe, and 12.9% very severe. Mean episode duration was 16 weeks (95% CI, 15.1-17.3). Role impairment as measured by SDS was substantial as indicated by 59.3% of 12-month cases with severe or very severe role impairment. Most lifetime (72.1%) and 12-month (78.5%) cases had comorbid CIDI/DSM-IV disorders, with MDD only rarely primary. Although 51.6% (95% CI, 46.1-57.2) of 12-month cases received health care treatment for MDD, treatment was adequate in only 41.9% (95% CI, 35.9-47.9) of these cases, resulting in 21.7% (95% CI, 18.1-25.2) of 12-month MDD being adequately treated. Sociodemographic correlates of treatment were far less numerous than those of prevalence.ConclusionsMajor depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment. While the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern. Emphasis on screening and expansion of treatment needs to be accompanied by a parallel emphasis on treatment quality improvement.

7,706 citations

Book
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors" and use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020.
Abstract: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors;...generate assessments of numbers of deaths by cause that are consistent with the total numbers of deaths by age sex and region provided by demographers;...provide methodologies for and assessments of aggregate disease burden that combine--into the Disability-Adjusted Life Year or DALY measure--burden from premature mortality with that from living with disability; and...use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020." This first volume includes chapters summarizing results from the project as a whole. (EXCERPT)

7,154 citations

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