Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
About: This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2012-12-15 and is currently open access. It has received 7021 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Years of potential life lost & Global health.
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TL;DR: The delayed MMA dilatory responses to PACAP-38 infusion were attenuated in MCD and AH-pretreated rats, indicating a role of the MC mediator-histamine in PACAP -38-induced delayed dilation of MA.
Abstract: Background:In healthy human volunteers and in migraineurs, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) infusion caused sustained vasodilation of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and an immediate as well as a delayed headache. All the study subjects experienced facial flushing. Mast cells (MCs) might have a role in the long-lasting effect of PACAP-38 infusion. We hypothesized that in mast cell-depleted (MCD) rats the vascular responses to PACAP-38 would be lesser than in control rats because of a lack of vasodilatory products released during MC degranulation.Methods:MCs were depleted by chronic treatment with compound 48/80. The effect of 20 minutes' intravenous (i.v.) infusion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), PACAP-38, PACAP(6-38) (PAC-1 receptor antagonist) and PACAP-27 on the diameter of the MMA and on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in control and MCD rats was recorded by using the genuine closed-cranial window (CCW) model. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) inf...
52 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: There is an evidence base suggesting that a number of cost-effective health promotion and disease prevention interventions are available, but policy-makers need to be cautious on assumptions made about the persistence of effect of health promoting interventions, e.g. the likelihood of long-term behaviour change.
Abstract: •There is an evidence base from controlled trials and well-designed observational studies on the effectiveness of a wide range of health promotion and disease prevention interventions that address risk factors to health. These include measures to reduce the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption, increase physical activity and promote more healthy diets, protect psychological and emotional well-being, reduce environmental harms and make road environments safer. •Many of these actions may be both funded and delivered outside of the health sector. •There is also an evidence base suggesting that a number of cost-effective health promotion and disease prevention interventions are available. Some of these interventions will be cost-saving, but most will generate additional health (and other) benefi ts for additional costs. However this evidence base must be treated with caution, given that many interventions have only been assessed in a small number of settings and different methods and assumptions are made in different studies. •Combinations of actions, for example in the areas of tobacco, alcohol and road injury prevention, are often more cost-effective than relying on one action alone. •The use of taxes to infl uence individual choices on the use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as the consumption of food, is consistently seen as a cost effective intervention to promote better lifestyle choices. •Much of the evidence on the long-term costs and benefi ts of interventions has been estimated using simulation modelling approaches synthesizing data on effectiveness, epidemiology and costs. This refl ects the lack of long-term observed effectiveness data for many public health and health promoting interventions. It also means that policy-makers need to be cautious on assumptions made about the persistence of effect of health promoting interventions, e.g. the likelihood of long-term behaviour change. •Interventions targeted at children often have the most potential to be costeffective because of the longer time-frame over which health benefi ts can be realized. •While some interventions may take several decades to be seen to be costeffective, for example impacts on the risk of obesity, there are some health promotion and disease prevention actions that are cost effective in the short term. •There are opportunities to invest in cost-effective health promoting interventions that can be delivered universally as well as to target population groups, for instance in schools or workplaces. •Most of the economic evidence identifi ed is from research undertaken in high-income countries, with very few studies applied to other settings in the WHO European Region. •In order to help encourage the implementation of cost-effective health promotion and disease prevention actions it is helpful to highlight economic benefi ts of most interest to the sectors that are responsible for funding these actions
52 citations
Cites background from "Years lived with disability (YLDs) ..."
...…physical activity, mass media campaigns are among the best buys to tackle non-communicable diseases with a good cost–effectiveness ratio and could even be cost-saving in a few cases (WHO, 2011c; Lewis et al., 2010; Sassi et al., 2009; Cobiac et al., 2009; Vos et al., 2010; Cecchini et al., 2010)....
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...Brief interventions within the health system have also been shown to be costeffective, but they are much less cost-effective than population-wide strategies (Anderson, 2009; Anderson, Chisholm & Fuhr, 2009; Chisholm et al., 2004, 2006; Vos et al., 2010)....
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...…could result in 0.6 to 1.8 million fewer premature deaths in eastern European and central Asian countries, at a cost of only $5 to $125 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) in the short run (Ranson et al., 2002; Lai et al., 2007; Chisholm et al., 2006; Ortegon et al., 2012; Vos et al., 2010)....
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...…of drink-driving legislation and countermeasures such as random breath-testing campaigns have also been shown in a number of modelling studies in different country settings to be costeffective (Anderson, 2009; Anderson, Chisholm & Fuhr, 2009; Chisholm et al., 2004, 2006, 2012; Vos et al., 2010)....
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...Pedometers have been modelled to be cost-effective in an Australian context (Vos et al., 2010)....
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TL;DR: Both provider‐ and system‐related barriers as well as patient-related barriers are identified and practical solutions to addressing these barriers are provided in the service of facilitating children receiving optimal comprehensive management of their headaches.
Abstract: Although evidence supports the recommendation for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric migraine, few children actually receive this evidence-based intervention. In this article, we briefly review the most recent empirical evidence supporting CBT. We then identify both provider- and system-related barriers as well as patient-related barriers. Finally, we provide practical solutions to addressing these barriers in the service of facilitating children receiving optimal comprehensive management of their headaches.
52 citations
Cites background from "Years lived with disability (YLDs) ..."
...In addition, pediatric migraine often persists into adulthood,(3) with adult migraine ranked as the eighth leading cause of years lived with disability.(4) The International Classification of Head-...
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TL;DR: IVM showed high efficacy in killing vectors of disease-causing parasites such as mosquitoes, sandflies and tsetse flies and to overcome the possibility of drug resistance.
52 citations
TL;DR: The study evaluated headache‐attributed burden and its impact on productivity and quality of life (QoL) in Russia to support recommendations for change.
Abstract: Background and purpose
The study evaluated headache-attributed burden and its impact on productivity and quality of life (QoL) in Russia. Its purpose was to support recommendations for change.
Methods
A countrywide population-based random sample of 2725 biologically unrelated adults (aged 18–65 years) in 35 cities and nine rural areas of Russia were interviewed in a door-to-door survey. The structured questionnaire enquired into symptom burden, functional disability, lost productive time and QoL (applying the WHOQoL-8 question set), as well as willingness to pay (WTP) for adequate headache treatment, if it were available.
Results
Mean lost paid-work days due to headache in the previous 3 months were 1.9 ± 4.2, and mean lost household work days were 3.4 ± 5.7. The estimated annual indirect cost of primary headache disorders was USD 22.8 billion, accounting for 1.75% of gross domestic product. QoL was reduced by all types of primary headaches. According to WHOQoL-8, it was significantly lower in those with headache on ≥15 days/month than in those with episodic headache (24.7 ± 4.6 vs. 28.1 ± 5.0; P < 0.05) and lower in those with migraine than in those with tension-type headache (TTH) (27.1 ± 4.9 vs. 28.8 ± 5.0; P < 0.05). Average WTP for adequate headache treatment was RUB 455 ± 494 per month (median RUB 300), a sum sufficient in most cases, and correlated with illness severity (higher for headache on ≥15 days/month than for migraine, and for migraine than for TTH).
Conclusions
Headache is common, burdensome and costly in Russia and, manifestly, poorly mitigated by existing healthcare. Structured healthcare services for headache need to be urgently put in place.
52 citations
References
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TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 aimed to estimate annual deaths for the world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs), separately by age and sex, using the Cause of Death Ensemble model.
11,809 citations
Book•
31 Dec 1997
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to establish a database of histological groups and to provide a level of consistency and quality of data that could be applied in the design of future registries.
Abstract: 1. Techniques of registration 2. Classification and coding 3. Histological groups 4. Comparability and quality of data 5. Data processing 6. Age-standardization 7. Incidence data by site and sex for each registry 8. Summary tables presenting age-standardized rates 9. Data on histological type for selected sites
10,160 citations
TL;DR: Notably, major depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment, and while the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern.
Abstract: ContextUncertainties exist about prevalence and correlates of major depressive
disorder (MDD).ObjectiveTo present nationally representative data on prevalence and correlates
of MDD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and on study
patterns and correlates of treatment and treatment adequacy from the recently
completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).DesignFace-to-face household survey conducted from February 2001 to December
2002.SettingThe 48 contiguous United States.ParticipantsHousehold residents ages 18 years or older (N = 9090) who responded
to the NCS-R survey.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence and correlates of MDD using the World Health Organization's
(WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 12-month severity
with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR),
the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and the WHO disability assessment scale
(WHO-DAS). Clinical reinterviews used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.ResultsThe prevalence of CIDI MDD for lifetime was 16.2% (95% confidence interval
[CI], 15.1-17.3) (32.6-35.1 million US adults) and for 12-month was 6.6% (95%
CI, 5.9-7.3) (13.1-14.2 million US adults). Virtually all CIDI 12-month cases
were independently classified as clinically significant using the QIDS-SR,
with 10.4% mild, 38.6% moderate, 38.0% severe, and 12.9% very severe. Mean
episode duration was 16 weeks (95% CI, 15.1-17.3). Role impairment as measured
by SDS was substantial as indicated by 59.3% of 12-month cases with severe
or very severe role impairment. Most lifetime (72.1%) and 12-month (78.5%)
cases had comorbid CIDI/DSM-IV disorders, with MDD
only rarely primary. Although 51.6% (95% CI, 46.1-57.2) of 12-month cases
received health care treatment for MDD, treatment was adequate in only 41.9%
(95% CI, 35.9-47.9) of these cases, resulting in 21.7% (95% CI, 18.1-25.2)
of 12-month MDD being adequately treated. Sociodemographic correlates of treatment
were far less numerous than those of prevalence.ConclusionsMajor depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in
the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and
role impairment. While the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate
treatment is a serious concern. Emphasis on screening and expansion of treatment
needs to be accompanied by a parallel emphasis on treatment quality improvement.
7,706 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors" and use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020.
Abstract: This is the first in a planned series of 10 volumes that will attempt to "summarize epidemiological knowledge about all major conditions and most risk factors;...generate assessments of numbers of deaths by cause that are consistent with the total numbers of deaths by age sex and region provided by demographers;...provide methodologies for and assessments of aggregate disease burden that combine--into the Disability-Adjusted Life Year or DALY measure--burden from premature mortality with that from living with disability; and...use historical trends in main determinants to project mortality and disease burden forward to 2020." This first volume includes chapters summarizing results from the project as a whole. (EXCERPT)
7,154 citations