Yield of colostrum and immunoglobulin in cattle at the first milking after parturition.
TL;DR: No effect of season of the year was found on colostrum yield, Ig %, and Ig yield, and the repeatability in Ig % at successive calvings was found to be high.
Abstract: The experimental animals consisted of 71 heifers or cows of the Black and White Danish breed (SDM), 61 heifers or cows of the Red Danish breed (RDM), and 8 heifers or cows of the Jersey breed. Highly significant differences between breeds were found in yield of colostrum at first milking after calving and in the concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) in colostrum. The RDM animals had the highest colostrum yield but the lowest Ig %. The total yield of Ig was not significantly different between RDM and SDM. The individual variation in colostrum yield, Ig %, and Ig yield was very marked.Heifers had a lower colostrum yield and Ig yield than cows in second and later lactations. For SDM the Ig % was not dependent on the lactation number. In contrast the older RDM cows had a significantly higher Ig % in colostrum than the younger cows. No effect of season of the year was found on colostrum yield, Ig %, and Ig yield. An increase of the interval between calving and the first milking caused a very significant drop in colostrum Ig %. Loss of colostrum from the udder before milking increased the probability of getting colostrum with low Ig %. The repeatability in Ig % at successive calvings was found to be high.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the potential effects on the calf prior to and after calving and suggest that low protein diets may increase the incidence of respiratory acidosis, which may impair the acquisition of passive immunity.
304 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of bovine Igs and the complement system to be exploited as potential ingredients for health-promoting functional foods are dealt with.
Abstract: The importance of colostrum for the growth and health of newborn offspring is well known. In bovine colostrum, the antibody (immunoglobulin) complement system provides a major antimicrobial effect against a wide range of microbes and confers passive immunity until the calf's own immune system has matured. Bovine serum and lacteal secretions contain three major classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, IgM and IgA. The immunoglobulins are selectively transported from the serum into the mammary gland, as a result of which the first colostrum contains very high concentrations of immunoglobulins (40-200 mg/ml). IgG1 accounts for over 75 % of the immunoglobulins in colostral whey, followed by IgM, IgA and IgG2. All these immunoglobulins decrease within a few days to a total immunoglobulin concentration of 0.7-1.0 mg/ml, with IgG1 representing the major Ig class in milk throughout the lactation period. Together with the antibodies absorbed from colostrum after birth, the complement system plays a crucial role in the passive immunisation of the newborn calf. The occurrence of haemolytic or bactericidal complement activity in bovine colostrum and milk has been demonstrated in several studies. This review deals with the characteristics of bovine Igs and the complement system to be exploited as potential ingredients for health-promoting functional foods.
290 citations
Cites background from "Yield of colostrum and immunoglobul..."
...The concentration of Igs can vary considerably, from 30 to 200 mg/ml, in the first colostrum (Kruse, 1970; Korhonen et al. 1977; Stott et al. 1981; Hancock 1985; Larson, 1992; Korhonen et al. 1995)....
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TL;DR: Weight of first milking colostrums and lactation number of the cow were the most significant discriminators between colostrum of low and high IgG1 concentration.
227 citations
TL;DR: High air temperatures during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period markedly affected the composition of colostrum from primiparous dairy cows.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of colostrum intake on the concentration of immunoglobulin and showed that the amount of total ǫ −globulin or IgG ingested per unit of body weight soon after birth is the most important factor determining concentration of these in serum.
194 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the absorption coefficient, expressing the absorbed fraction of a given amount of Ig, was primarily determined by the age of the calf at first feeding, which was reduced linearly to about half by delaying the feeding from 2 to 20 hours.
Abstract: One hundred and forty-one calves, belonging to three different breeds, were each given one single feeding of a variable amount of colostrum from their dams at the age of 2, 6, 10, 14 or 20 hr, respectively.The increase in serum Ig concentration during the first 24 hr after colostrum feeding (Δ Ig % 24) was a function of the mass of Ig fed to the calf, the age at colostrum feeding, and the birth weight of the calf. Among these three factors the mass of Ig and the age of the calf were the two predominant factors. The absorption coefficient, expressing the absorbed fraction of a given amount of Ig, was primarily determined by the age of the calf at first feeding. Thus the absorption coefficient was reduced linearly to about half by delaying the feeding from 2 to 20 hr. Except for a negative effect of increasing amounts of colostrum in one of the breeds, no other factors were detected as responsible for variation in the efficiency of Ig absorption. Thus, the absorption coefficient appeared to be unaffected by the Ig % in the colostrum and also by the quantity of Ig given to the calf.
145 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The significance of failure to absorb colostral immunoglobulins (especially IgM) is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of neonatal septicaemias of the newborn calf.
Abstract: The transfer of colostral IgM and IgG to newborn calves was studied quantitatively. Both IgM and IgG were absorbed equally well from the gastrointestinal tract of the calf. However, the degree of globulin absorption and hence the serum immunoglobulin concentrations varied considerably from calf to calf. Three of the ten calves remained virtually agammaglobulinaemic despite the ingestion of colostrum. The significance of failure to absorb colostral immunoglobulins (especially IgM) is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of neonatal septicaemias of the newborn calf.
117 citations
90 citations
TL;DR: Computer simulations using parameters based on results from experiments showed that by chance a certain frequency of hypo-gammaglobulinaemia would always occur, due to variations in birth weight, concentration of immunoglobulin in the ingested Colostrum, amount of colostrum offered, and age at first feeding.
Abstract: Computer simulations using parameters based on results from experiments showed that by chance a certain frequency of hypo-gammaglobulinaemia would always occur. This was due to variations in birth weight, concentration of immunoglobulin in the ingested colostrum, amount of colostrum offered, and age at first feeding. It was not necessarily associated with an absorption block as sometimes postulated. The probability of an individual getting hypogammaglobulinaemia can be minimized by early feeding of a large quantity of colostrum at the first feeding after birth.
26 citations