You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online

doi:10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2013.10.001

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You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online

Journal Article•DOI•

You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online

Russell W. Belk¹•Institutions (1)

Keele University¹

01 Aug 2014-Journal of Business Research (Elsevier)-Vol. 67, Iss: 8, pp 1595-1600

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare sharing and collaborative consumption and find that both are growing in popularity today and make an assessment of the reasons for the current growth in these practices and their implications for businesses still using traditional models of sales and ownership.

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About: This article is published in Journal of Business Research.The article was published on 2014-08-01. It has received 2154 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sharing economy & Possession (law).

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Journal Article•DOI•

The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption

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Juho Hamari¹, Juho Hamari², Mimmi Sjöklint³, Antti Ukkonen•Institutions (3)

Aalto University¹, University UCINF², Copenhagen Business School³

01 Sep 2016

TL;DR: Information and communications technologies ICTs have enabled the rise of so-called "Collaborative Consumption" CC: the peer-to-peer-based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to go...

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Abstract: Information and communications technologies ICTs have enabled the rise of so-called "Collaborative Consumption" CC: the peer-to-peer-based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to goods and services, coordinated through community-based online services. CC has been expected to alleviate societal problems such as hyper-consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination within communities. However, beyond anecdotal evidence, there is a dearth of understanding why people participate in CC. Therefore, in this article we investigate people's motivations to participate in CC. The study employs survey data N=168 gathered from people registered onto a CC site. The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains. An interesting detail in the result is that sustainability is not directly associated with participation unless it is at the same time also associated with positive attitudes towards CC. This suggests that sustainability might only be an important factor for those people for whom ecological consumption is important. Furthermore, the results suggest that in CC an attitude-behavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.

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2,051 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption

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Juho Hamari¹, Mimmi Sjöklint², Antti Ukkonen³•Institutions (3)

University of Tampere¹, Copenhagen Business School², Helsinki Institute for Information Technology³

01 Jan 2015-Social Science Research Network

TL;DR: The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains, and suggest that in CC an attitude‐behavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.

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Abstract: Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have enabled the rise of so-called “Collaborative Consumption” (CC): the peer-to-peer-based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to goods and services, coordinated through community-based online services. CC has been expected to alleviate societal problems such as hyper-consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination within communities. However, beyond anecdotal evidence, there is a dearth of understanding why people participate in CC. Therefore, in this article we investigate people’s motivations to participate in CC. The study employs survey data (N = 168) gathered from people registered onto a CC site. The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains. An interesting detail in the result is that sustainability is not directly associated with participation unless it is at the same time also associated with positive attitudes towards CC. This suggests that sustainability might only be an important factor for those people for whom ecological consumption is important. Furthermore, the results suggest that in CC an attitudebehavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.

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1,496 citations

Cites background or result from "You are what you can access: Sharin..."

...We want to emphasize that our definition of the sharing economy differs slightly from those of other scholars (Belk, 2007, 2010), as well as some other definitions of “sharing economy” (Lessig, 2008; Sacks, 2011) or “collaborative consumption” (Belk, 2014a, 2014b; Botsman & Rogers, 2010)....
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...For example, CC could be viewed from perspective of sharing (e.g., Belk, 2014a, 2014b), borrowing (e.g., Jenkins et al. 2014), reuse and remix culture (e.g., Lessig, 2008), charity (e.g., Hibbert & Horne, 1996; Strahilevitz & Myers, 1998), second-hand markets, sustainable consumption (e.g., Young,…...
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...Another previous scholarly definition restricts CC only to nonmonetary transactions “the acquisition and distribution of a resource for a fee or other compensation” (Belk, 2014b, p. 1597)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Extended Self in a Digital World

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Russell W. Belk¹•Institutions (1)

York University¹

01 Oct 2013-Journal of Consumer Research

TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual update of the extended self was proposed to revitalize the concept, incorporate the impacts of digitization, and provide an understanding of consumer sense of self in today's technological environment.

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Abstract: The extended self was proposed in 1988. Since it was formulated, many technological changes have dramatically affected the way we consume, present ourselves, and communicate. This conceptual update seeks to revitalize the concept, incorporate the impacts of digitization, and provide an understanding of consumer sense of self in today’s technological environment. It is necessarily a work in progress, for the digital environment and our behavior within it continue to evolve. But some important changes are already clear. Five changes with digital consumption are considered that impact the nature of self and the nature of possessions. Needed modifications and additions to the extended self are outlined, and directions for future research are suggested. The digital world opens a host of new means for self-extension, using many new consumption objects to reach a vastly broader audience. Even though this calls for certain reformulations, the basic concept of the extended self remains vital.

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1,135 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Collaborative consumption: determinants of satisfaction and the likelihood of using a sharing economy option again

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Mareike Möhlmann¹•Institutions (1)

University of Hamburg¹

01 May 2015-Journal of Consumer Behaviour

TL;DR: In this paper, a framework on the determinants of choosing a sharing option is developed and tested with two quantitative studies by applying partial least squares path modeling analysis, and the results reveal the satisfaction and the likelihood of choosing another sharing option again to be predominantly explained by determinants serving users' self-benefit.

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Abstract: Collaborative consumption, often associated with the sharing economy, takes place in organized systems or networks, in which participants conduct sharing activities in the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering, and swapping of goods, services, transportation solutions, space, or money. In this paper, a framework on the determinants of choosing a sharing option is developed and tested with two quantitative studies by applying partial least squares path modeling analysis. In study 1, users of the B2C car sharing service car2go (N = 236), and in study 2, users of the C2C online community accommodation marketplace Airbnb (N = 187) are surveyed. The results reveal the satisfaction and the likelihood of choosing a sharing option again to be predominantly explained by determinants serving users' self-benefit. Utility, trust, cost savings, and familiarity were found to be essential in both studies, while service quality and community belonging were identified solely in study 1. Four proposed determinants had no influence on any of the endogenous variables. This applies to environmental impact, internet capability, smartphone capability, and trend affinity. Finally, research and managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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1,003 citations

Cites background from "You are what you can access: Sharin..."

...Thus, collaborative consumption is located between traditional forms of sharing within a family context and usual market exchange activities (Belk, 2014)....
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...Thus, as of today, many sharing services are facilitated by internet platforms (Botsman and Rogers, 2010; Frost and Sullivan, 2010; Belk, 2014)....
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...Managers of conventional nonsharing services can use these findings to gain insights into the emerging trend of collaborative consumption, which is radically changing consumer behavior (Botsman and Rogers, 2010; Ozanne and Ballantine, 2010; Belk, 2014)....
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...In fact, collaborative consumption spills over to areas that have previously been of noncollaborative nature (Belk, 2014) as a result of societal, economic and technological drivers (Owyang et al....
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...In fact, collaborative consumption spills over to areas that have previously been of noncollaborative nature (Belk, 2014) as a result of societal, economic and technological drivers (Owyang et al., 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The sharing economy: : A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?

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Chris J. Martin¹, Chris J. Martin²•Institutions (2)

University of Manchester¹, Open University²

01 Jan 2016-Ecological Economics

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the online sharing economy discourse, identifying that the sharing economy is framed as an economic opportunity; a more sustainable form of consumption; a pathway to a decentralised, equitable and sustainable economy; creating unregulated marketplaces; reinforcing the neoliberal paradigm; and, an incoherent field of innovation.

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973 citations

Cites background from "You are what you can access: Sharin..."

...Rather, it is the current framing of these forms of sharing as a radical and disruptive act thatmight be considered remarkable (Belk, 2014)....
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...Perhaps central to these definitional challenges is the contestedmeaning of theword sharing (Belk, 2014)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Possessions and the extended self.

[...]

Russell W. Belk

01 Sep 1988-Journal of Consumer Research

TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of evidence is presented supporting this simple and compelling premise and implications for consumer behavior are derived for consumer behaviour because the construct of extended self involves consumer behavior rather than buyer behavior, it appears to be a much richer construct than previous formulations positing a relationship between selfconcept and consumer brand choice.

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Abstract: Our possessions are a major contributor to and reflection of our identities A variety of evidence is presented supporting this simple and compelling premise Related streams of research are identified and drawn upon in developing this concept and implications are derived for consumer behavior Because the construct of extended self involves consumer behavior rather than buyer behavior, it appears to be a much richer construct than previous formulations positing a relationship between self-concept and consumer brand choice

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7,705 citations

"You are what you can access: Sharin..." refers background in this paper

...Belk (1988) argues and theorizes that you arewhat youown....
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...When sharing is an inclusive act that is likely to make the recipient a part of a pseudo-family and our aggregate extended self (Belk, 1988, 2013), it can be described as “sharing in” (Belk, 2010; Ingold, 1986)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation

[...]

C. K. Prahalad¹, Venkatram Ramaswamy¹•Institutions (1)

University of Michigan¹

01 Jun 2004-Journal of Interactive Marketing

TL;DR: The meaning of value and the process of value creation are rapidly shifting from a product-and firm-centric view to personalized consumer experiences as discussed by the authors, and consumers are increasingly co-creating value with the firm.

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5,141 citations

Additional excerpts

...Consumer research bears witness to a flurry of recent attention to a group of related business and consumption practices describable as sharing (Belk, 2010), “collaborative consumption” (Botsman & Rogers, 2010), “the mesh” (Gansky, 2010), “commercial sharing systems” (Lamberton & Rose, 2012), “co-production” (Humphreys & Grayson, 2008), “co-creation” (Lanier & Schau, 2007; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004), “prosumption” (Ritzer & Jurgenson, 2010; Toffler, 1980), “product-service systems” (Mont, 2002), “accessbased consumption,” (Bardhi & Eckhardt, 2012), “consumer participation” (Fitzsimmons, 1985), and “online volunteering” (Postigo, 2003)....
[...]
...…mesh” (Gansky, 2010), “commercial sharing systems” (Lamberton & Rose, 2012), “co-production” (Humphreys & Grayson, 2008), “co-creation” (Lanier & Schau, 2007; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004), “prosumption” (Ritzer & Jurgenson, 2010; Toffler, 1980), “product-service systems” (Mont, 2002), “accessbased…...
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Book•

The Third Wave

[...]

Alvin Toffler

01 Jan 1980

TL;DR: Social Wave-Front Analysis as discussed by the authors looks at history as a sucession of rolling waves of change and asks where the leading edge of each wave is carrying us, focusing our attention not so much on the continuities of history (important as they are) as on the discontinuities.

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Abstract: A powerful new approach to historical analysis: ""Social Wave-Front Analysis".. looks at history as a sucession of rolling waves of change and asks where the leading edge of each wave is carrying us. It focuses our attention not so much on the continuities of history (important as they are) as on the discontinuities--the innovations and breakpoints. It identifies key change patterns as they emerge, so that we can influence them" (Toffler 1980, 13).

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4,743 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption

[...]

Juho Hamari¹, Juho Hamari², Mimmi Sjöklint³, Antti Ukkonen•Institutions (3)

Aalto University¹, University UCINF², Copenhagen Business School³

01 Sep 2016

...read moreread less

2,051 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Clarifying the Concept of Product-Service System

[...]

Oksana Mont¹•Institutions (1)

International Institute of Minnesota¹

01 Jun 2002-Journal of Cleaner Production

TL;DR: In this paper, a new trend of product-service systems (PSS) that has the potential to minimise environmental impacts of both production and consumption is emerging, and a theoretical framework for PSS is proposed.

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1,958 citations

Additional excerpts

...…2008), “co-creation” (Lanier & Schau, 2007; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004), “prosumption” (Ritzer & Jurgenson, 2010; Toffler, 1980), “product-service systems” (Mont, 2002), “accessbased consumption,” (Bardhi & Eckhardt, 2012), “consumer participation” (Fitzsimmons, 1985), and “online…...
[...]
...Consumer research bears witness to a flurry of recent attention to a group of related business and consumption practices describable as sharing (Belk, 2010), “collaborative consumption” (Botsman & Rogers, 2010), “the mesh” (Gansky, 2010), “commercial sharing systems” (Lamberton & Rose, 2012), “co-production” (Humphreys & Grayson, 2008), “co-creation” (Lanier & Schau, 2007; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004), “prosumption” (Ritzer & Jurgenson, 2010; Toffler, 1980), “product-service systems” (Mont, 2002), “accessbased consumption,” (Bardhi & Eckhardt, 2012), “consumer participation” (Fitzsimmons, 1985), and “online volunteering” (Postigo, 2003)....
[...]