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Book ChapterDOI

Zernike Moments and Machine Learning Based Gender Classification Using Facial Images

TL;DR: The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed zernike moments based gender classification system in achieving the greater accuracy even under the variations in pose, scale, rotation and occlusion.
Abstract: This paper proposes a zernike moments based gender classification system using facial image. Gender classification is achieved by training the Bayesian, Support vector machine, Linear discriminant analysis and Neural network classifiers. The proposed method was evaluated using ORL and faces94 databases. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the method in achieving the greater accuracy even under the variations in pose, scale, rotation and occlusion. In particular the neural network classifier was excellent in providing classification accuracy of 95% and 100% respectively with 25 zernike moments for ORL and faces94 database.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The different computational model of SVM and key process for the SVM system development are reviewed and a survey on their applications for image classification is provided.
Abstract: Life of any living being is impossible if it does not have the ability to differentiate between various things, objects, smell, taste, colors, etc. Human being is a good ability to classify the object easily such as different human face, images. This is time of the machine so we want that machine can do all the work like as a human, this is part of machine learning. Here this paper discusses the some important technique for the image classification. What are the techniques through which a machine can learn for the image classification task as well as perform the classification task with efficiently. The most known technique to learn a machine is SVM. Support Vector machine (SVM) has evolved as an efficient paradigm for classification. SVM has a strongest mathematical model for classification and regression. This powerful mathematical foundation gives a new direction for further research in the vast field of classification and regression. Over the past few decades, various improvements to SVM has appeared, such as twin SVM, Lagrangian SVM, Quantum Support vector machine, least square support vector machine, etc., which will be further discussed in the paper, led to the creation of a new approach for better classification accuracy. For improving the accuracy as well as performance of SVM, we must aware of how a kernel function should be selected and what are the different approaches for parameter selection. This paper reviews the different computational model of SVM and key process for the SVM system development. Furthermore provides survey on their applications for image classification.

139 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the feature level fusion of Multimodal Biometric system greatly improves the performance of gender classification and the approach outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques noticed in the literature.
Abstract: A certain number of researchers have utilized uni-modal bio-metric traits for gender classification. It has many limitations which can be mitigated with inclusion of multiple sources of biometric information to identify or classify user’s information. Intuitively multimodal systems are more reliable and viable solution as multiple independent characteristics of modalities are fused together. The objective of this work is inferring the gender by combining different biometric traits like face, iris, and fingerprints of same subject. In the proposed work, feature level fusion is considered to obtain robustness in gender determination; and an accuracy of 99.8% was achieved on homologous multimodal biometric database SDUMLA-HMT (Group of Machine Learning and Applications, Shandong University). The results demonstrate that the feature level fusion of Multimodal Biometric system greatly improves the performance of gender classification and our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques noticed in the literature.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2022-Sensors
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new hybrid framework for improved estimation by combining both the appearance and geometric-based conventional methods to extract local and global features for head pose and gaze estimation.
Abstract: A real-time head pose and gaze estimation (HPGE) algorithm has excellent potential for technological advancements either in human–machine or human–robot interactions. For example, in high-accuracy advent applications such as Driver’s Assistance System (DAS), HPGE plays a crucial role in omitting accidents and road hazards. In this paper, the authors propose a new hybrid framework for improved estimation by combining both the appearance and geometric-based conventional methods to extract local and global features. Therefore, the Zernike moments algorithm has been prominent in extracting rotation, scale, and illumination invariant features. Later, conventional discriminant algorithms were used to classify the head poses and gaze direction. Furthermore, the experiments were performed on standard datasets and real-time images to analyze the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. As a result, the proposed framework has immediately estimated the range of direction changes under different illumination conditions. We obtained an accuracy of ~85%; the average response time was 21.52 and 7.483 ms for estimating head poses and gaze, respectively, independent of illumination, background, and occlusion. The proposed method is promising for future developments of a robust system that is invariant even to blurring conditions and thus reaching much more significant performance enhancement.

3 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Aug 2021
TL;DR: A Convolutional Neural Network-based method of artefact rejection and complementary method of particle identification based on common statistical classifiers as well as their ensemble extensions are discussed.
Abstract: The wealth of smartphone data collected by the Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) greatly surpasses the capabilities of manual analysis. So, efficient means of rejecting the non-cosmic-ray noise and identification of signals attributable to extensive air showers are necessary. To address these problems we discuss a Convolutional Neural Network-based method of artefact rejection and complementary method of particle identification based on common statistical classifiers as well as their ensemble extensions. These approaches are based on supervised learning, so we need to provide a representative subset of the CREDO dataset for training and validation. According to this approach over 2300 images were chosen and manually labeled by 5 judges. The images were split into spot, track, worm (collectively named signals) and artefact classes. Then the preprocessing consisting of luminance summation of RGB channels (grayscaling) and background removal by adaptive thresholding was performed. For purposes of artefact rejection the binary CNN-based classifier was proposed which is able to distinguish between artefacts and signals. The classifier was fed with input data in the form of Daubechies wavelet transformed images. In the case of cosmic ray signal classification, the well-known feature-based classifiers were considered. As feature descriptors, we used Zernike moments with additional feature related to total image luminance. For the problem of artefact rejection, we obtained an accuracy of 99\%. For the 4-class signal classification, the best performing classifiers achieved a recognition rate of 88\%.

1 citations


Cites methods from "Zernike Moments and Machine Learnin..."

  • ...Here we use more general image features expressed in terms of Zernike moments which proved their usefulness in the recognition of facial expression [12, 13] or gender classification based on facial images [14]....

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Dissertation
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a scalable GPU-based algorithm is proposed to accelerate the computation of Bessel-Fourier moments of high orders while preserving accuracy, and the experimental results prove the correctness and scalability of the algorithm.
Abstract: Bessel-Fourier moments have been applied in image pattern reconstruction since their introduction in 2010. In this research, a scalable GPU-based algorithm is proposed to accelerate the computation of Bessel-Fourier moments of high orders while preserving accuracy. To analyze our new algorithm, image reconstructions from Bessel-Fourier moments of orders up to 1000 were tested on two systems. The experimental results prove the correctness and scalability of the algorithm. In addition, by investigating the precision-related performance, both 64-bit and 32-bit precisions were shown to provide the same level of computational accuracy for Bessel-Fourier moments of orders up to 1000. Nevertheless, reconstructions with 64-bit precision are computationally more costly. Furthermore, we applied filtering in Bessel-Fourier moments and Fourier Frequency domains and found that Bessel-Fourier moments share some similarities with the frequencies in Fourier Frequency domain, though more image power is distributed in the Bessel-Fourier moments of lower orders.

Cites background from "Zernike Moments and Machine Learnin..."

  • ...A greater than 90% accuracy was obtained for the neural network classifiers [16]....

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References
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Book
01 Jul 1994
TL;DR: In this chapter seven Neural Nets based on Competition, Adaptive Resonance Theory, and Backpropagation Neural Net are studied.
Abstract: 1. Introduction. 2. Simple Neural Nets for Pattern Classification. 3. Pattern Association. 4. Neural Networks Based on Competition. 5. Adaptive Resonance Theory. 6. Backpropagation Neural Net. 7. A Sampler of Other Neural Nets. Glossary. References. Index.

2,665 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article serves both as a tutorial introduction to ROC graphs and as a practical guide for using them in research.
Abstract: Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) graphs are a useful technique for organizing classifiers and visualizing their performance. ROC graphs are commonly used in medical decision making, and in recent years have been increasingly adopted in the machine learning and data mining research communities. Although ROC graphs are apparently simple, there are some common misconceptions and pitfalls when using them in practice. This article serves both as a tutorial introduction to ROC graphs and as a practical guide for using them in research.

2,046 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic reconstruction-based method for deciding the highest-order ZERNike moments required in a classification problem is developed and the superiority of Zernike moment features over regular moments and moment invariants was experimentally verified.
Abstract: The problem of rotation-, scale-, and translation-invariant recognition of images is discussed. A set of rotation-invariant features are introduced. They are the magnitudes of a set of orthogonal complex moments of the image known as Zernike moments. Scale and translation invariance are obtained by first normalizing the image with respect to these parameters using its regular geometrical moments. A systematic reconstruction-based method for deciding the highest-order Zernike moments required in a classification problem is developed. The quality of the reconstructed image is examined through its comparison to the original one. The orthogonality property of the Zernike moments, which simplifies the process of image reconstruction, make the suggest feature selection approach practical. Features of each order can also be weighted according to their contribution to the reconstruction process. The superiority of Zernike moment features over regular moments and moment invariants was experimentally verified. >

1,971 citations

Book
18 Nov 2004
TL;DR: The second edition of a highly praised, successful reference on data mining, with thorough coverage of big data applications, predictive analytics, and statistical analysis.
Abstract: The second edition of a highly praised, successful reference on data mining, with thorough coverage of big data applications, predictive analytics, and statistical analysis.Includes new chapters on Multivariate Statistics, Preparing to Model the Data, and Imputation of Missing Data, and an Appendix on Data Summarization and VisualizationOffers extensive coverage of the R statistical programming languageContains 280 end-of-chapter exercisesIncludes a companion website with further resources for all readers, and Powerpoint slides, a solutions manual, and suggested projects for instructors who adopt the book

1,637 citations