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政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

John Rawls, 俊人 万
01 Jan 2000-
About: The article was published on 2000-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1762 citations till now.
Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
Climate change and normativity: constructivism versus realism

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Gideon Calder1•
University of Wales, Newport1
16 Mar 2011-Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy
TL;DR: The authors argue that normative constructivism in the Rawlsian mode is markedly ill-equipped to deal with the particular normative challenges posed by climate change and that these doubts holds regardless of which stance is adopted as its ontological corollary.
Abstract: Is liberalism adaptable enough to the ecological agenda to deal satisfactorily with the challenges of anthropogenic climate change while leaving its normative foundations intact? Compatibilists answer yes; incompatibilists say no. Comparing such answers, this article argues that it is not discrete liberal principles which impede adapatability, so much as the constructivist model (exemplified in Rawls) of what counts as a valid normative principle. Constructivism has both normative and ontological variants, each with a realist counterpart. I argue that normative constructivism in the Rawlsian mode, whatever its strengths elsewhere, is markedly ill‐equipped to deal with the particular normative challenges posed by climate change – and that that these doubts holds regardless of which stance is adopted as its ontological corollary.

12 citations

Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...It promotes the idea that to see justice aright, we must see it apart from the ‘comprehensive values’ (Rawls 1993) tied up with divergent conceptions of the good and metaphysical stances held by different agents....

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  • ...…reason are embodied in the principles of justice for a well-ordered society: ‘equal political and civil liberty; fair equality of opportunity; the values of economic reciprocity; […] values of the common good as well as the various necessary conditions for all these values’ (Rawls 1993, p. 224)....

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  • ...Thus much of the appeal of Rawlsian constructivism stem from the presumption of reasonable pluralism – ‘the fact of a plurality of reasonable but incompatible comprehensive doctrines’ (Rawls 1993, p. xvii) – and the plausibility of Rawls’s own response to it....

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  • ...Rawls designates his approach as constructivist (e.g. Rawls 1993, pp. 89–130)....

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  • ...This is largely down to the extent to which John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice (1971) and its sequels (Rawls 1993, 2001) have set the recent agenda for the discipline....

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Dissertation•
A spectrum of relational autonomy, illustrated using the case studies of female suicide bombers

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Herjeet Marway
01 Dec 2014
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the relational model may offer a way in which to estimate the autonomy of the suicide bombers in a more nuanced fashion, and the spectrum view, which is rooted in the relational approach, maps the bomber's autonomy approximately but in detail.
Abstract: When women become perpetrators of suicide bombing, their agency – their ability to act upon and affect the world – is often denied. There are a number of reasons for this and one this thesis considers is that – as females – they are not expected to be violent. Accordingly, such women are judged to be coerced or incompetent, and so unable to rule themselves sufficiently as agents. Models of autonomy propose various frameworks for assessing whether acts or persons are self-governing, and the relational approach in particular has garnered much support recently. However, some aspects of the relational account remain under-theorised, including how autonomy might be measured. In this thesis, I aim to bring these two elements together by examining whether an extension of the relational model may offer a way in which to estimate the autonomy of the bombers in a more nuanced fashion. I make two claims. First, that the relational conception of the agent and autonomy ‘fits’ the bombers. Second, that my spectrum view, which is rooted in the relational approach, maps the bomber’s autonomy approximately but in detail. As such, my spectrum view is a befitting notion of autonomy and allows a graded and comparative representation of the bomber’s autonomy.

12 citations

Cites methods from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...We adopt, then, a constructivist view to specify the fair terms of social cooperation…[I]f the procedure can be correctly formulated, citizens should be able to accept its principles and conceptions along with their reasonable comprehensive doctrine (Rawls, 1993, 97)....

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Journal Article•DOI•
What Does Society Owe Political Cartoonists

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Jenn Burleson Mackay1•
Virginia Tech1
02 Jan 2017-Journalism Studies
TL;DR: The authors examines what cartoonists contribute to societal justice and their role in the community, and argues that society owes cartoonists the liberties that they need to continue upholding justice, but that cartoonists have responsibilities to the community.
Abstract: Political cartoonists challenge the government, question societal norms, and contribute to public discussion. They may show the public instances of injustice and help society to understand our own roles and responsibilities within the community. Yet, cartoonists are facing significant challenges in modern society. As the newspaper industry has struggled financially, fewer news organizations have continued to maintain a staff cartoonist. The shootings at France’s satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo served as a reminder of the dangers that cartoonists can face if they publish controversial cartoons. Through applications of John Rawls’ political liberalism and communitarianism, this paper examines what cartoonists contribute to societal justice and their role in the community. It argues that society owes cartoonists the liberties that they need to continue upholding justice, but that cartoonists have responsibilities to the community.

12 citations

Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...(Rawls 1996, 5) Rawls suggests that these basic liberties will be accepted because they are to everyone’s advantage, they emphasize self-respect, and they lead to a well-ordered society....

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  • ...In Political Liberalism, the philosopher argues that stability can exist through the public financing of elections, equal opportunity, a “decent distribution of income and wealth,” employment, and health care (Rawls 1996, lix)....

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  • ...Rawls suggests that several “prerequisites” provide the foundation for a society that can support the two principles of justice (Rawls 1996, lix)....

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  • ...People agree to these beliefs because they can be supported through public discussion and reasoning (Rawls 1996)....

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  • ...(Rawls 1996, 6) The difference principle is designed to focus on social goods such as wealth, self-respect, power, and opportunity....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Stoicism, Feminism and Autonomy

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Scott F. Aikin, Emily McGill-Rutherford
01 Apr 2014-Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences
TL;DR: In this article, a model for Stoic feminism is proposed, based on Stoic value theory, given different emphasis on the ethical role of choice, is shown to be capable of satisfying the liberal feminist requirement that autonomy must be respected.
Abstract: The ancient Stoics had an uneven track record with regard to women’s standing. On the one hand, they recognized women as fully capable of rationality and virtue. On the other hand, they continued to hold that women’s roles were in the home. These views are consistent, given Stoic value theory, but are unacceptable on liberal feminist grounds. Stoic value theory, given different emphasis on the ethical role of choice, is shown to be capable of satisfying the liberal feminist requirement that autonomy must be respected. In turn, a model for Stoic feminism is proposed.

12 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Religion and bioethics: toward an expanded understanding

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Howard Brody1, Arlene Macdonald1•
University of Texas Medical Branch1
17 Mar 2013-Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics
TL;DR: To move beyond these assumptions, it helps to view religion as lived experience as well as a body of doctrine and to see that religious differences and controversies should be welcomed in the public square of a diverse democratic society rather than merely tolerated.
Abstract: Before asking what U.S. bioethics might learn from a more comprehensive and more nuanced understanding of Islamic religion, history, and culture, a prior question is, how should bioethics think about religion? Two sets of commonly held assumptions impede further progress and insight. The first involves what "religion" means and how one should study it. The second is a prominent philosophical view of the role of religion in a diverse, democratic society. To move beyond these assumptions, it helps to view religion as lived experience as well as a body of doctrine and to see that religious differences and controversies should be welcomed in the public square of a diverse democratic society rather than merely tolerated.

12 citations

Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...In Political Liberalism, Rawls further explained his basic thinking [45]....

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References
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
Political liberalism: Reasonableness and democratic practice

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Sebastiano Maffettone
01 Sep 2004-Philosophy & Social Criticism
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore an important concept in the work of the later Rawls, the idea of the reasonable, and conclude that this concept helps to bridge the gap between liberal theory and democratic practice.
Abstract: This paper aims to explore an important concept in the work of the later Rawls: the idea of the reasonable. While the concept has its roots in both Aristotle and Kant, Rawls develops a unique account of the reasonable in the light of his theory of political liberalism. The paper includes Rawlsian responses to the practical challenges of radical democrats on the one hand, and epistemological challenges to the reasonable on the other. It concludes that Rawls’s account of the reasonable helps to bridge the gap between liberal theory and democratic practice.

1,108 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Human Development and Economic Sustainability

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Sudhir Anand1, Amartya Sen2•
University of Oxford1, University of Cambridge2
01 Dec 2000-World Development
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate the concern for human development in the present with that in the future, and explore the relationship between distributional equity, sustainable development, optimal growth, and pure time preference.

726 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Multiple modernities: Kitchens for an African elite

[...]

Deborah Pellow1•
Syracuse University1
01 Mar 2015-Home Cultures
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the materiality of change in urban Africa, focusing particularly on the kitchens of a group of first-generation pro-lifers in the Ivory Coast.
Abstract: Meaning is inscribed in the material/built environment and this article considers the materiality of change in urban Africa, focusing particularly on the kitchens of a group of first-generation pro...

635 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Survey Article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy

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James Bohman1•
Saint Louis University1
01 Dec 1998-Journal of Political Philosophy
TL;DR: The notion of deliberative democracy was coined by Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or "aristocratic" interpretation of the American Constitution.
Abstract: roposed as a reformist and sometimes even as a radical political ideal,deliberative democracy begins with the critique of the standard practices ofliberal democracy. Although the idea can be traced to Dewey and Arendt andthen further back to Rousseau and even Aristotle, in its recent incarnation theterm stems from Joseph Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or‘‘aristocratic’’ interpretation of the American Constitution.

595 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Recognition without Ethics

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Nancy Fraser1•
The New School1
01 Jun 2001-Theory, Culture & Society
TL;DR: This article propose an anaysis of gender that is broad enough to house the full range of feminist concerns, those central to the old socialist-feminism as well as identity-based conceptions.
Abstract: In the course of the last 30 years, feminist theories of gender have shifted from quasi-Marxist, labor-centered conceptions to putatively ‘post-Marxist’ culture-and identity-based conceptions. Reflecting a broader political move from redistribution to recognition, this shift has been double edged. On the one hand, it has broadened feminist politics to encompass legitimate issues of representation, identity and difference. Yet, in the context of an ascendant neoliberalism, feminist struggles for recognition may be serving less to enrich struggles for redistribution than to displace the latter. Thus, instead of arriving at a broader, richer paradigm that could encompass both redistribution and recognition, feminists appear to have traded one truncated paradigm for another – a truncated economism for a truncated culturalism. This article aims to resist that trend. I propose an anaysis of gender that is broad enough to house the full range of feminist concerns, those central to the old socialist-feminism as w...

570 citations