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政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

01 Jan 2000-
About: The article was published on 2000-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1762 citations till now.
Citations
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01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors call for argumentation theory to learn from moral and political philosophy to understand the occurrence of what we may call legitimate dissensus: enduring disagreement even between reasonable people arguing reasonably.
Abstract: The paper calls for argumentation theory to learn from moral and political philosophy. Several thinkers in these fields help understand the occurrence of what we may call legitimate dissensus: enduring disagreement even between reasonable people arguing reasonably. It inevitably occurs over practical issues, e.g., issues of action rather than truth, because there will normally be legitimate arguments on both sides, and these will be incommensurable, i.e., they cannot be objectively weighed against each other. Accordingly, ‘inference,’ ‘validity,’ and ‘sufficiency’ are inapplicable notions. Further distinctive features of pro and con arguments in practical argumentation are explored, and some corollaries are drawn regarding evaluative norms of legitimate dissensus. Examples from immigrationrelated public debates in Denmark are given.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a case study/philosophical analysis of the impact of in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants in Texas House Bill 1403 (2001) is presented. But the authors do not address the question of whether undocumented immigrants who have developed into substantive members should receive financial aid.
Abstract: This case study/philosophical analysis responds to the primary research question: "Should undocumented immigrants receive financial aid by responding to the sub-question: What does it mean to be a member of society?" The case study organizes and collects empirical evidence from stakeholders involved in Texas House Bill 1403 (2001), legislation granting in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants. The study found that principles of residency, social awareness, reciprocation, investment, identification, patriotism, destiny, and law abidingness form a framework that explains substantive membership. I argue that undocumented immigrants who have developed into substantive members should receive financial aid.

37 citations


Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...Shabini (2002) asks, “Who’s afraid of patriotism?” in his article on the subject’s binding force on citizenship....

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  • ...Rawls (1993) suggested that differing conceptualizations of a supposedly comparable idea make it difficult to adjudicate claims of distributive justice....

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01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of interactions in three widely diverging institutional contexts, the author traces how ostensibly neutral interaction norms for debate about the topic imply specific understandings of history, racism and national belonging and identity that go beyond the question whether or not the holiday tradition carries any racist elements.
Abstract: This study concerns itself with the controversy surrounding the Dutch winter holiday tradition Sinterklaas, which involves the figure of Zwarte Piet or ‘Black Pete’. At first glance, the struggle revolves around whether or not Zwarte Piet is a racist 'blackface' character. However, this thesis explores how people’s participation in the debate can also be viewed as affirmations, claims or propositions about the norms of discussion themselves – who is allowed to have a say, what kinds of arguments are legitimate and how and where should the discussion take place? Through a detailed analysis of interactions in three widely diverging institutional contexts, the author traces how ostensibly neutral interaction norms for debate about the topic imply specific understandings of history, racism and national belonging and identity that go beyond the question whether or not the holiday tradition carries any racist elements. This reveals how protest against the figure of Zwarte Piet can function as an opportunity to deepen the understanding and expand the practices of democratic debate in the Netherlands.

37 citations


Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...For example, Rawls argues that people with a different moral outlook can come to a consensus based on reason as long as ‘unreasonable’ points of view are contained ‘like war and disease – so that they do not overturn political justice’ (Rawls, 1993, p. 64)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the issue-by-issue median of voter preferences is used to define the collective choice for public policy and the majority rule is defined as the principle of making decisions according to this median.
Abstract: One way of making decisions is for political associates or their representatives to vote on each issue separately in accordance with the majority principle and then take the cumulative outcomes of such majority decision making to define the collective choice for public policy. We call such a system one of majorities rule. Thought of in spatial terms, majorities rule is equivalent to the principle of making decisions according to the issue-by-issue median of voter preferences. If popular control and political equality are core democratic values, they can be rendered as requirements on a collective choice rule, involving resoluteness, anonymity, strategy-proofness and responsiveness. These requirements entail that the collective decision rule be a percentile method. If we then add a requirement of impartiality, as exhibited in a collective choice rule which would be chosen behind a veil of ignorance, then the issue-by-issue median is uniquely identified as a fair rule. Hence, majorities rule is special. Some objections to this line of reasoning are considered.

37 citations


Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...For this reason reciprocity underlies the difference principle (Rawls, 1996, pp. 16–8)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The REDCo project (Religion in Education: a Contribution to Dialogue or a Factor of Conflict in Transforming Societies of European Countries?) as mentioned in this paper ) is a European research project, which was proposed by the European Commission Framework 6 Programme and a European policy discussion document, the Toledo Guiding Principles on Teaching about Religions in Public Schools.
Abstract: I consider Liam Gearon’s critique of what he calls the politicisation and securitisation of religious education, focusing on his criticisms of a European research project, the REDCo project (Religion in Education: a Contribution to Dialogue or a Factor of Conflict in Transforming Societies of European Countries?) funded by the European Commission Framework 6 Programme, and a European policy discussion document, the Toledo Guiding Principles on Teaching about Religions in Public Schools, published by the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. I criticise Gearon’s representation of both projects, offering alternative accounts, and relating my comments to Gearon’s essentialist view of religious education. I give a critique of Gearon’s view that initiation into ‘the religious life’ is the only legitimate form of religious education. I conclude that, although educators should always be wary of being manipulated by politicians and others, support for research and/or development concerning studies of religions (or of religions and non-religious worldviews) is a legitimate concern for bodies such as the European Commission, and the OSCE/ODIHR, provided that participants are enabled to work freely and openly in the pursuit of scholarly enquiry and liberal educational goals.

36 citations


Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"

  • ...Care needs to be taken not to stifle all disagreement, or to oppose all alternative perspectives, but to recognise that the limits of ‘political liberalism’ (Rawls, 1993) lie, not with dissent per se, but with those in society who reject the concept of political liberalism itself....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore an important concept in the work of the later Rawls, the idea of the reasonable, and conclude that this concept helps to bridge the gap between liberal theory and democratic practice.
Abstract: This paper aims to explore an important concept in the work of the later Rawls: the idea of the reasonable. While the concept has its roots in both Aristotle and Kant, Rawls develops a unique account of the reasonable in the light of his theory of political liberalism. The paper includes Rawlsian responses to the practical challenges of radical democrats on the one hand, and epistemological challenges to the reasonable on the other. It concludes that Rawls’s account of the reasonable helps to bridge the gap between liberal theory and democratic practice.

1,108 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate the concern for human development in the present with that in the future, and explore the relationship between distributional equity, sustainable development, optimal growth, and pure time preference.

726 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the materiality of change in urban Africa, focusing particularly on the kitchens of a group of first-generation pro-lifers in the Ivory Coast.
Abstract: Meaning is inscribed in the material/built environment and this article considers the materiality of change in urban Africa, focusing particularly on the kitchens of a group of first-generation pro...

635 citations

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TL;DR: The notion of deliberative democracy was coined by Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or "aristocratic" interpretation of the American Constitution.
Abstract: roposed as a reformist and sometimes even as a radical political ideal,deliberative democracy begins with the critique of the standard practices ofliberal democracy. Although the idea can be traced to Dewey and Arendt andthen further back to Rousseau and even Aristotle, in its recent incarnation theterm stems from Joseph Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or‘‘aristocratic’’ interpretation of the American Constitution.

595 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Nancy Fraser1
TL;DR: This article propose an anaysis of gender that is broad enough to house the full range of feminist concerns, those central to the old socialist-feminism as well as identity-based conceptions.
Abstract: In the course of the last 30 years, feminist theories of gender have shifted from quasi-Marxist, labor-centered conceptions to putatively ‘post-Marxist’ culture-and identity-based conceptions. Reflecting a broader political move from redistribution to recognition, this shift has been double edged. On the one hand, it has broadened feminist politics to encompass legitimate issues of representation, identity and difference. Yet, in the context of an ascendant neoliberalism, feminist struggles for recognition may be serving less to enrich struggles for redistribution than to displace the latter. Thus, instead of arriving at a broader, richer paradigm that could encompass both redistribution and recognition, feminists appear to have traded one truncated paradigm for another – a truncated economism for a truncated culturalism. This article aims to resist that trend. I propose an anaysis of gender that is broad enough to house the full range of feminist concerns, those central to the old socialist-feminism as w...

570 citations