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政治自由主义 = Political liberalism
01 Jan 2000-
About: The article was published on 2000-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1762 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: Empirical and theoretical research is brought together on the phenomenon of old age rational suicide in order to develop an underexplored area in both the sociology of death and the Sociology of ageing.
Abstract: In the societal debate surrounding voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, there is a concern that older people will be left exposed to any legislation, subject to either faint suggestion or outright coercion from familial or professional carers. Whilst it is critical to take account of older people's potential vulnerability to any current or proposed assisted suicide legislation, there is a parallel strand of research exploring another relationship which older people can have with this debate: one of activism. Sociological research has shown that older people make up the “rank and file” of those active within the right-to-die movement. One of the stated motivations of some older people requesting hastened death has been that, in spite of an absence of life-threatening disease, they feel “tired of life” or that they have lived a “completed life” and feel ready to die. The notion of suicide for reasons of longevity and being tired of life are becoming increasingly significant given the fact of global ageing. This article brings together empirical and theoretical research on the phenomenon of old age rational suicide in order to develop an underexplored area in both the sociology of death and the sociology of ageing.
36 citations
Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"
...…the assessment of whether or not a suicide can be considered rational is not to prove that the decision was arrived at without any emotional ambivalences, but rather whether, all things considered, there might be an “overlapping consensus” (Rawls, 1993) as to the “reasonableness” of the decision....
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...For me, the assessment of whether or not a suicide can be considered rational is not to prove that the decision was arrived at without any emotional ambivalences, but rather whether, all things considered, there might be an “overlapping consensus” (Rawls, 1993) as to the “reasonableness” of the decision....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that an incrementalist approach to constitution-making enabled deeply divided societies to enact either a written constitution or function with a material constitution by deferring controversial choices regarding the foundational aspects of the polity to future political institutions.
Abstract: . The article addresses the puzzle of how societies still grappling over the common values and shared vision of their state draft a democratic constitution. It argues that an incrementalist approach to constitution-making enabled such deeply divided societies to enact either a written constitution or function with a material constitution by deferring controversial choices regarding the foundational aspects of the polity to future political institutions. It demonstrates how various types of incrementalist constitutional strategies – such as avoidance of clear decisions, the use of ambivalent and vague legal language, or the inclusion of contrasting provisions in the constitution – were deployed in the constitutional drafting of three deeply divided societies: India, Ireland and Israel. By importing the existing ideational conflicts into their constitutions, and by deviating from the common perception of constitution-making as a revolutionary moment, the framers in these three cases enabled their constitutions to reflect the divided identity of ‘the people’.
36 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the characteristics of 2422 speeches given by prominent Australian federal politicians between 2000 and 2006 to assess whether religion has become more prominent in early twenty-first century Australian politics, and whether or not the explanations provided to explain the increase are compelling.
Abstract: As religious engagement in the Australian population continues to decline, the apparent increased prominence of religion in Australian politics is puzzling. This article examines the characteristics of 2422 speeches given by prominent Australian federal politicians between 2000 and 2006 to assess whether religion has become more prominent in early twenty-first century Australian politics, and whether or not the explanations provided to explain the increase are compelling. It is argued that the framing of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the subsequent ‘war on terror’ as a religious conflict weakened adherence to Rawls' (2005) liberal consensus (exclusion of religious beliefs from the public forum) and normalised the use of Christian terminology and ideas in Australian political discourse.
36 citations
Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"
...Rawls (2005) distinguishes between the public realm in which the standard of liberal justice is universally applicable and supported (by those with different religious beliefs), and the private realm where the freedom of conscience is preserved....
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...weakened adherence to Rawls’ (2005) liberal consensus (exclusion of...
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...…that voters nominate as most important for their voting decision are those that feature most prominently in political debate. weakened adherence to Rawls’ (2005) liberal consensus (exclusion of religious beliefs from the public forum) and normalised the use of Christian terminology and ideas in…...
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...weakened adherence to Rawls’ (2005) liberal consensus (exclusion of religious beliefs from the public forum) and normalised the use of Christian terminology and ideas in Australian political discourse....
[...]
...It is argued that the framing of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the subsequent ‘war on terror’ as a religious conflict weakened adherence to Rawls’ (2005) liberal consensus (exclusion of religious beliefs from the public forum) and normalised the use of Christian terminology and ideas in…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make the case that arguments for tolerating, for recognizing, and for deliberating across extant differences are insufficiently attentive to the role states play in making difference.
Abstract: Most contemporary theorizing that addresses questions of democracy and difference is framed by broadly constructivist claims. Yet when it comes to thinking about democratic state intervention into social relations of difference, political theorists tend to stress reactive strategies, overlooking the role that democratic states play in helping shape and reinforce social definitions of difference. Exploring the case of the construction of racialized difference in the American city, the author makes the case that arguments for tolerating, for recognizing, and for deliberating across extant differences are insufficiently attentive to the role states play in making difference. Institutional efforts to deal with difference democratically should target the points at which it gets produced, aiming not simply to modify the effects of social definitions of identity and difference—but to democratize the processes through which these are defined and redefined.
36 citations
TL;DR: Providing trainees with a concise structure for the thought process involved gives them confidence in their ability to address the issues directly and to act for reasons that are explicit, transparent, and reflect medical professionalism.
Abstract: Background: Trainees struggle with the evaluation and management of inpatient clinical ethical dilemmas.Aim: To meet their needs for both conceptual clarification and practical management, we designed a program to teach medical residents a systematic approach to resolving clinical ethical dilemmas.Methods: We instituted monthly resident ethics educational case conferences to clarify residents' understanding of key concepts of medical ethics and to teach an 8-step systematic approach to resolving ethical dilemmas. We surveyed learners on the appropriateness, immediate utility, and potential for future usefulness of the approach.Results: The vast majority of residents found the approach to be applicable and helpful with clinical decisions and interactions with patients and their family members.Conclusions: Teaching residents to use a systematic approach in understanding and resolving ethical dilemmas can facilitate their management of the ethical dilemmas that arise in clinical practice. Providing trainees ...
36 citations
Cites background from "政治自由主义 = Political liberalism"
...Rawlsian reflective equilibrium (Rawls 1993) is a device for achieving a resolution of dilemmas in the hypothetical deduction of the basic principles for founding fair and just political society....
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...(Rawls 1993: 262)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore an important concept in the work of the later Rawls, the idea of the reasonable, and conclude that this concept helps to bridge the gap between liberal theory and democratic practice.
Abstract: This paper aims to explore an important concept in the work of the later Rawls: the idea of the reasonable. While the concept has its roots in both Aristotle and Kant, Rawls develops a unique account of the reasonable in the light of his theory of political liberalism. The paper includes Rawlsian responses to the practical challenges of radical democrats on the one hand, and epistemological challenges to the reasonable on the other. It concludes that Rawls’s account of the reasonable helps to bridge the gap between liberal theory and democratic practice.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate the concern for human development in the present with that in the future, and explore the relationship between distributional equity, sustainable development, optimal growth, and pure time preference.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the materiality of change in urban Africa, focusing particularly on the kitchens of a group of first-generation pro-lifers in the Ivory Coast.
Abstract: Meaning is inscribed in the material/built environment and this article considers the materiality of change in urban Africa, focusing particularly on the kitchens of a group of first-generation pro...
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TL;DR: The notion of deliberative democracy was coined by Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or "aristocratic" interpretation of the American Constitution.
Abstract: roposed as a reformist and sometimes even as a radical political ideal,deliberative democracy begins with the critique of the standard practices ofliberal democracy. Although the idea can be traced to Dewey and Arendt andthen further back to Rousseau and even Aristotle, in its recent incarnation theterm stems from Joseph Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or‘‘aristocratic’’ interpretation of the American Constitution.
595 citations
TL;DR: This article propose an anaysis of gender that is broad enough to house the full range of feminist concerns, those central to the old socialist-feminism as well as identity-based conceptions.
Abstract: In the course of the last 30 years, feminist theories of gender have shifted from quasi-Marxist, labor-centered conceptions to putatively ‘post-Marxist’ culture-and identity-based conceptions. Reflecting a broader political move from redistribution to recognition, this shift has been double edged. On the one hand, it has broadened feminist politics to encompass legitimate issues of representation, identity and difference. Yet, in the context of an ascendant neoliberalism, feminist struggles for recognition may be serving less to enrich struggles for redistribution than to displace the latter. Thus, instead of arriving at a broader, richer paradigm that could encompass both redistribution and recognition, feminists appear to have traded one truncated paradigm for another – a truncated economism for a truncated culturalism. This article aims to resist that trend. I propose an anaysis of gender that is broad enough to house the full range of feminist concerns, those central to the old socialist-feminism as w...
570 citations