Zinc and iron as bioindicators of precancerous nature of oral submucous fibrosis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to ascertain bioinorganic parameters as alternate indicators of malignant potential of oral submucous fibrosis along with other clinicopathological attributes.
Abstract: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition of oral cavity and oropharynx. Its etiopathogenesis is still obscure. Epithelial dysplasia is considered an important indicator of it. In the present study, the authors try to ascertain bioinorganic parameters as alternate indicators of malignant potential of OSF along with other clinicopathological attributes. They also try to identify causative factors. Thirty-six OSF patients, showing different degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and 12 normal individuals are studied with special reference to trace metal contents (Zn and Fe) in oral tissues. Statistical analyses of data indicate that trace metal contents can be regarded as an alternate indicator of the precancerous nature of OSF. Some clinicopathological attributes that are easier and cheaper to measure may also indicate OSF.
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TL;DR: It would appear that AN toxicity is not completely due to its polyphenol, tannin and alkaloid content, and further studies are needed to delineate the metabolism of AN ingredient and their roles in the multi-step chemical carcinogenesis, to enhance the success of the future chemoprevention of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis.
382 citations
TL;DR: An automated classification method is presented for understanding the deviation of normal structural profile of oral mucosa during precancerous changes and unveils the opportunity to understand OSF related changes in cell population having definite geometric properties.
48 citations
Cites background from "Zinc and iron as bioindicators of p..."
...However, studies have shown that, apart from usage of tobacco products, other factors such as intake of excess of chillies, deficiency in trace metals and vitamins, allergic reactions to certain dietary constituents as well as genetic and immunological reasons [11–13] are attributed as causes of this disease....
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TL;DR: The results obtained from this proposed technique were promising and suggest that with further optimisation this method could be used to detect and stage OSF, and could be adapted for other conditions.
Abstract: Aim: To describe a novel neural network based oral precancer (oral submucous fibrosis; OSF) stage detection method.
Method: The wavelet coefficients of transmission electron microscopy images of collagen fibres from normal oral submucosa and OSF tissues were used to choose the feature vector which, in turn, was used to train the artificial neural network.
Results: The trained network was able to classify normal and oral precancer stages (less advanced and advanced) after obtaining the image as an input.
Conclusions: The results obtained from this proposed technique were promising and suggest that with further optimisation this method could be used to detect and stage OSF, and could be adapted for other conditions.
41 citations
TL;DR: Several dietary nutrients appear to protect against oral precancerous lesions that are strongly associated with reverse smoking, and indicate scope for targeting dietary factors in preventing oral cancer, which should be coupled with aggressive anti-tobacco use efforts.
Abstract: Objective: To test the effect of dietary nutrients on oral precancerous lesions in a reverse-smoking (i.e. smoking with the glowing end inside the mouth) population in South India. Design: Case‐control. Cases with precancerous lesions were matched to an equal number of lesion-free controls matched on age (^5 years), sex and village. All subjects used tobacco in some form. Dietary data were obtained using an intervieweradministered food-frequency questionnaire, designed for use in this population. All interviews were conducted blinded to the disease status of the subject. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Setting: Nineteen rural villages in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh. Subjects: From a survey of 6007 tobacco users, 485 (79% women) were found to have precancerous, mostly palatal, lesions (cases), and 487 lesion-free subjects were selected as controls. Results: All eligible subjects consented to participate and nearly all (.99%) had complete data for analyses. Reverse smoking was the most common form of tobacco use among cases (81.9%) and controls (73.5%), and reverse smokers were 5.19 times more likely than chewers to have these lesions (95% confidence intervala 1.35, 19.9). After controlling for relevant covariates, including the type of tobacco use, protective linear effects were observed for zinc (70% reduction across the interquartile range, P , 0:002), calcium (34% reduction, P , 0:002), fibre (30% reduction, P , 0:009), riboflavin (22% reduction, P , 0:03) and iron (17% reduction, P , 0:05). Conclusions: Several dietary nutrients appear to protect against oral precancerous lesions that are strongly associated with reverse smoking. The results of this study indicate scope for targeting dietary factors in preventing oral cancer, which should be coupled with aggressive anti-tobacco use efforts.
41 citations
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that combined aqueous extracts of AN, lime, metal ions (such as Cu2+ and Fe2+), and IPB or PBL produced HO·, and the omission of any one of these ingredients significantly reduces the formation of HO·.
Abstract: Areca quid (AQ) chewing has been implicated an independent risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Taiwanese areca quid (AQ) refers to a combination of areca nut (AN), lime, and inflorescence of Piper betle Linn. (IPB) or Piper betle leaf (PBL). Studies of AQ in other countries reported that AN extract combined with lime generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (HO.), known to be a contributing factor in oral mucosa damage. To determine whether HO. is formed in the oral cavity during AQ chewing, the formation of meta-tyrosine (m-Tyr) and ortho-tyrosine (o-Tyr) from l-phenylalanine (Phe) was confirmed. It was demonstrated that combined aqueous extracts of AN, lime, metal ions (such as Cu2+ and Fe2+), and IPB or PBL produced HO.. Thus, the yield of HO. significantly increases when higher amounts of IPB or lime are added and also when Cu2+ and Fe2+ are increased. Further, the omission of any one of these ingredients significantly reduces the formation of HO.. Our results found that chewing AQ with IPB generated significantly higher HO. than chewing AQ with PBL, and may result in greater oxidative damage to the surrounding oral mucosa.
24 citations
Cites result from "Zinc and iron as bioindicators of p..."
...According to previous studies, Cu2+and Fe2+ levels are higher in the oral epithelial and connective tissues of AQ chewers (Paul et al., 1996; Trivedy et al., 2000)....
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References
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Book•
13 Jun 1985
TL;DR: 1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introduction to oxygen toxicity and reactive species, and the chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species'
Abstract: 1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introductionto oxygen toxicity and reactive species 2. The chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species' 3. Antioxidant defences Endogenous and Diet Derived 4. Cellular responses to oxidative stress: adaptation, damage, repair, senescence and death 5. Measurement of reactive species 6. Reactive species can pose special problems needing special solutions. Some examples. 7. Reactive species can be useful some more examples 8. Reactive species can be poisonous: their role in toxicology 9. Reactive species and disease: fact, fiction or filibuster? 10. Ageing, nutrition, disease, and therapy: A role for antioxidants?
21,528 citations
"Zinc and iron as bioindicators of p..." refers background in this paper
...In malignant diseases and in chronic inflammation, Fe becomes redistributed in body tissues ( 4-10 )....
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Book•
01 Jan 1937
TL;DR: The third edition, coming ten years after the first, emphasizes both the flowering of biochemical research and the prodigious effort by busy teachers and scientists to keep up to date this popular text and reference.
Abstract: Principles of biochemistry , Principles of biochemistry , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
5,830 citations
"Zinc and iron as bioindicators of p..." refers background in this paper
...In malignant diseases and in chronic inflammation, Fe becomes redistributed in body tissues (4-10)....
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27 Oct 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of lead poisoning on the developing developing developing nervous system were investigated, including neurological, neurobehavioral, and developmental effects in children, and toxicity.
Abstract: Essentiality Toxicity Carcinogenicity Lead(Pb) Exposure Toxicokinetics Toxicity Neurologic, Neurobehavioral, and Developmental Effects in Children Mechanisms of Effects on the Developing Nervous System Peripheral Neuropathy Hematologic Effects Renal Toxicity Lead and Gout Effects on Cardiovascular System Immunotoxicity Bone Effects Reproductive Effects Birth Outcomes Carcinogenicity Other Effects Dose Response Treatment Organic Lead Compounds Mercury (Hg) Exposure Disposition and Toxicokinetics Metabolic Transformation Cellular Metabolism Toxicology Biological Indicators Treatment Nickel (Ni) Exposure Toxicokinetics Essentiality Toxicity Nickel Carbonyl Poisoning Dermatitis Indicators of Nickel Toxicity
1,727 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that oxygen free radicals can both stimulate and inhibit proliferation of cultured human fibroblasts, and that fibro Blasts themselves release superoxide (O2.-) free radicals, which provide a very fast, specific and sensitive trigger for fibroblast proliferation.
Abstract: The major unexplained phenomenon in fibrotic conditions is an increase in replicating fibroblasts. In this report we present evidence that oxygen free radicals can both stimulate and inhibit proliferation of cultured human fibroblasts, and that fibroblasts themselves release superoxide (O2.-) free radicals. Fibroblasts released O2.- in concentrations which stimulated proliferation, a finding confirmed by a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation by free radical scavengers. Oxygen free radicals released by a host of agents may thus provide a very fast, specific and sensitive trigger for fibroblast proliferation. Prolonged stimulation may result in fibrosis, and agents which inhibit free radical release may have a role in the prevention of fibrosis.
612 citations
"Zinc and iron as bioindicators of p..." refers background in this paper
...The overlying epithelium becomes atrophic with a high chance of epithelial dysplasia (26%) (15,16)....
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TL;DR: This review explores the molecular mechanisms through which free radicals can participate in the carcinogenic process and suggests that free radicals may contribute widely to cancer development in humans.
Abstract: Cancer in humans and animals is a multistep disease process. In this process, a single cell can develop from an otherwise normal tissue into a malignancy that can eventually destroy the organism. The complex series of cellular and molecular changes that occur through the development of cancers can be mediated by a diversity of endogenous and environmental stimuli. Active oxygen species and other free radicals have long been known to be mutagenic; further, these agents have more recently emerged as mediators of the other phenotypic and genotypic changes that lead from mutation to neoplasia. Free radical production is ubiquitous in all respiring organisms, and is enhanced in many disease states, by carcinogen exposure, and under conditions of stress. Free radicals may therefore contribute widely to cancer development in humans. This review explores the molecular mechanisms through which free radicals can participate in the carcinogenic process.
485 citations