Journal ArticleDOI
Zinc supplementation prevents liver injury in chlorpyrifos-treated rats.
Ajay Goel,Devinder K. Dhawan +1 more
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TLDR
Data clearly show the protective effects of zinc in animals subjected to organophosphate poisoning, which protected hepatocytes from the marked disruptions in the membranous organelles and narrowing/blocking of biliary channels, which was otherwise a common observation following chlorpyrifos treatment.Abstract:
The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of zinc (227 mg/L in drinking water) treatment in chlorpyrifos (13.5 mg/kg body weight, orally) induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. Animals received chlorpyrifos and/or zinc treatments for 8 wk. A 99mTc-mebrofenin clearance test was done to determine the biological half-life (Tbiol) of the radiopharmaceutical in liver for the determination of the hepatobiliary function of the animals. At the end of treatment periods, samples were collected for the measurement of zinc levels in serum and liver. Electron microscopic studies were performed to study hepatic ultrastructure following various treatments. When compared to normal controls, chlorpyrifos treatment resulted in reduced hepatic and serum zinc levels (p<0.01). The biological half-life (Tbiol) of 99mTc-mebrofenin in liver was increased (p<0.01) significantly in chlorpyrifos-treated animals, reflecting a poor excretion of the radiopharmaceutical from the liver. Simultaneous zinc supplementation retained the increased hepatic Tbiol values of 99mTc-mebrofenin within normal limits. Zinc treatment also protected hepatocytes from the marked disruptions in the membranous organelles and narrowing/blocking of biliary channels, which was otherwise a common observation following chlorpyrifos treatment. These data clearly show the protective effects of zinc in animals subjected to organophosphate poisoning.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Protective effects of zinc on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture in chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity
TL;DR: Zinc administration to chlorpyrifos-treated animals resulted in overall improvement in the hepatic histoarchitecture, emphasizing the protective potential of zinc.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxic influence of organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides on cellular metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates: a systematic review.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a systematic search for the years 1963-2010 and resulted in 1652 articles and identified that organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes and that OP and OC impair the enzymatic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein within cytoplasm, mitochondria, and proxisomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative damage, biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and the antioxidant role of zinc
TL;DR: It can deduce that CPF-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, liver and kidneys damage in male and female rats, and conjunction supplementation of zinc has resulted in pronounced ameliorating effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative stress, toxic hepatitis, and antioxidants with particular emphasis on zinc.
TL;DR: Reassessment of optimal prophylactic and therapeutic nutritional requirements of antioxidants (particularly zinc) to defend humans against xenobiotic induced oxidative stress is advocated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adverse effects of organophosphorus pesticides on the liver: a brief summary of four decades of research.
TL;DR: This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The biochemical basis of zinc physiology
TL;DR: Majors topics addressed in this review on zinc physiology are chemistry and biochemistry; interface of biochemistry and physiology of zinc; physiology and cell and molecular biology; and pathology.
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In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides
TL;DR: The in vivo effects of structurally dissimilar polyhalogenated cyclic hydrocarbons, such as endrin and chlordane, chlorinated acetamide herbicides, and organophosphate pesticides (OPS), such as chlorpyrifos and fenthion on the production of hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA-single strand breaks (SSB), two indices of oxidative stress and oxidative tissue damage are examined.
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Mammalian toxicology of organophosphorus pesticides
TL;DR: The known effects, both cholinergic and noncholinergic, of organophosphorus pesticides in mammals are summarized, since this process plays a critical role in mediating the acute toxicities of many of these pesticides.
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Serum paraoxonase status: A major factor in determining resistance to organophosphates
TL;DR: The experiments reported here demonstrate that rabbit paraoxonase injected into mice provides protection against the parent insecticide chlorpyrifos as well as the toxic oxon, suggesting that serum paraox onase status may serve as a biomarker for insecticide susceptibility in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Age-related differences in parathion and chlorpyrifos toxicity in male rats: target and nontarget esterase sensitivity and cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism.
TL;DR: Results indicate that target enzyme sensitivity is not responsible for age-related toxicity differences, nor is the potential for hepatic bioactivation, whereas lower levels of hepatic aliesterase-mediated protection and P450-mediated dearylation probably contribute significantly to the greater sensitivity of juveniles to phosphorothionate toxicity.