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Journal ArticleDOI

Zn–Ni reaction in the alkaline zinc-air battery using a nickel-supported air electrode

TL;DR: In this paper, a reverse structure of the air electrode based on Zn-Ni reaction was proposed to protect the catalytic layer of air electrode from impurity coverage and inhibiting dendrite growth.
About: This article is published in Materials Today Energy.The article was published on 2021-09-01. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Battery (electricity) & Zinc–air battery.
Citations
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01 Jan 2008
Abstract: The air electrode, which reduces oxygen (O2), is a critical component in energy generation and storage applications such as fuel cells and metal/air batteries. The highest current densities are achieved with platinum (Pt), but in addition to its cost and scarcity, Pt particles in composite electrodes tend to be inactivated by contact with carbon monoxide (CO) or by agglomeration. We describe an air electrode based on a porous material coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which acts as an O2 reduction catalyst. Continuous operation for 1500 hours was demonstrated without material degradation or deterioration in performance. O2 conversion rates were comparable with those of Pt-catalyzed electrodes of the same geometry, and the electrode was not sensitive to CO. Operation was demonstrated as an air electrode and as a dissolved O2 electrode in aqueous solution.

423 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Nov 2021-iScience
TL;DR: In this article, an aluminum-air fuel cell using a mesh-encapsulated anode was proposed, where the energy redistribution can be achieved and the discharge performance of the fuel cell can be highly improved.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , an environment-friendly Agar gel SSE is prepared for flexible zinc-air batteries, which can achieve a maximum output power of 126 mW cM-2 and a high areal capacity of 24 mAh cM2.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a cable-type zinc-air battery (ZAB) is proposed, which uses composite fiber soaked in KOH solution as the electrolyte material of ZAB, which not only avoids the complex process of preparing flexible-based electrolyte, but also realizes the transformation from aqueous battery to flexible battery.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Gusture1
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel hydrogen production using zinc plate connected to carbon @ nickel electrode in the alkaline solution, where the device works through zinc oxidation at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode.

5 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jul 2007-Science
TL;DR: The active site for hydrogen evolution, a reaction catalyzed by precious metals, on nanoparticulate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is determined by atomically resolving the surface of this catalyst before measuring electrochemical activity in solution.
Abstract: The identification of the active sites in heterogeneous catalysis requires a combination of surface sensitive methods and reactivity studies. We determined the active site for hydrogen evolution, a reaction catalyzed by precious metals, on nanoparticulate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by atomically resolving the surface of this catalyst before measuring electrochemical activity in solution. By preparing MoS2 nanoparticles of different sizes, we systematically varied the distribution of surface sites on MoS2 nanoparticles on Au(111), which we quantified with scanning tunneling microscopy. Electrocatalytic activity measurements for hydrogen evolution correlate linearly with the number of edge sites on the MoS2 catalyst.

4,930 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide system in which optimal mild aqueous ZnSO4-based solution is used as the electrolyte, and nanofibres of a manganese oxide phase, α-MnO2, are used as a cathode.
Abstract: Rechargeable aqueous batteries such as alkaline zinc/manganese oxide batteries are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety; however, cycling stability is a major issue for their applications. Here we demonstrate a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide system in which optimal mild aqueous ZnSO4-based solution is used as the electrolyte, and nanofibres of a manganese oxide phase, α-MnO2, are used as the cathode. We show that a chemical conversion reaction mechanism between α-MnO2 and H+ is mainly responsible for the good performance of the system. This includes an operating voltage of 1.44 V, a capacity of 285 mAh g−1 (MnO2), and capacity retention of 92% over 5,000 cycles. The Zn metal anode also shows high stability. This finding opens new opportunities for the development of low-cost, high-performance rechargeable aqueous batteries. Rechargeable aqueous batteries are attractive owing to their relatively low cost and safety. Here the authors report an aqueous zinc/manganese oxide battery that operates via a conversion reaction mechanism and exhibits a long-term cycling stability.

1,965 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrates that an aqueous electrolyte based on Zn and lithium salts at high concentrations is a very effective way to address irreversibility issues and brings unprecedented flexibility and reversibility to Zn batteries.
Abstract: Metallic zinc (Zn) has been regarded as an ideal anode material for aqueous batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (820 mA h g–1), low potential (−0.762 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode), high abundance, low toxicity and intrinsic safety. However, aqueous Zn chemistry persistently suffers from irreversibility issues, as exemplified by its low coulombic efficiency (CE) and dendrite growth during plating/ stripping, and sustained water consumption. In this work, we demonstrate that an aqueous electrolyte based on Zn and lithium salts at high concentrations is a very effective way to address these issues. This unique electrolyte not only enables dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping at nearly 100% CE, but also retains water in the open atmosphere, which makes hermetic cell configurations optional. These merits bring unprecedented flexibility and reversibility to Zn batteries using either LiMn2O4 or O2 cathodes—the former deliver 180 W h kg–1 while retaining 80% capacity for >4,000 cycles, and the latter deliver 300 W h kg–1 (1,000 W h kg–1 based on the cathode) for >200 cycles.

1,721 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Apr 2017-Science
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the three-dimensional (3D) zinc form-factor elevates the performance of nickel–zinc alkaline cells in three fields of use: >90% theoretical depth of discharge in primary (single-use) cells, >100 high-rate cycles at 40% DODZn at lithium-ion–commensurate specific energy, and the tens of thousands of power-demanding duty cycles required for start-stop microhybrid vehicles.
Abstract: The next generation of high-performance batteries should include alternative chemistries that are inherently safer to operate than nonaqueous lithium-based batteries. Aqueous zinc-based batteries can answer that challenge because monolithic zinc sponge anodes can be cycled in nickel–zinc alkaline cells hundreds to thousands of times without undergoing passivation or macroscale dendrite formation. We demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3D) zinc form-factor elevates the performance of nickel–zinc alkaline cells in three fields of use: (i) >90% theoretical depth of discharge (DODZn) in primary (single-use) cells, (ii) >100 high-rate cycles at 40% DODZn at lithium-ion–commensurate specific energy, and (iii) the tens of thousands of power-demanding duty cycles required for start-stop microhybrid vehicles.

908 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2019-Science
TL;DR: Graphene, with a low lattice mismatch for Zn, is shown to be effective in driving deposition of Zn with a locked crystallographic orientation relation, and the resultant epitaxial Zn anodes achieve exceptional reversibility over thousands of cycles at moderate and high rates.
Abstract: The propensity of metals to form irregular and nonplanar electrodeposits at liquid-solid interfaces has emerged as a fundamental barrier to high-energy, rechargeable batteries that use metal anodes. We report an epitaxial mechanism to regulate nucleation, growth, and reversibility of metal anodes. The crystallographic, surface texturing, and electrochemical criteria for reversible epitaxial electrodeposition of metals are defined and their effectiveness demonstrated by using zinc (Zn), a safe, low-cost, and energy-dense battery anode material. Graphene, with a low lattice mismatch for Zn, is shown to be effective in driving deposition of Zn with a locked crystallographic orientation relation. The resultant epitaxial Zn anodes achieve exceptional reversibility over thousands of cycles at moderate and high rates. Reversible electrochemical epitaxy of metals provides a general pathway toward energy-dense batteries with high reversibility.

855 citations