Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung
01 Jan 1916-Vol. 18, pp 47
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral distribution curve of temperature radiation was shown to be similar to the velocity distribution of the electromagnetic spectrum of a single photon, and the formal similarity of spectral distribution curves to Maxwell's velocity distribution curve was revealed.
Abstract: The formal similarity of the spectral distribution curve of temperature radiation to Maxwell’s velocity distribution curve is too striking to have remained hidden very long.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: Three-dimensional multiphoton vibrational imaging technique based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is reported, which offers background-free and readily interpretable chemical contrast in biomedical imaging and shows a variety of biomedical applications.
Abstract: Label-free chemical contrast is highly desirable in biomedical imaging. Spontaneous Raman microscopy provides specific vibrational signatures of chemical bonds, but is often hindered by low sensitivity. Here we report a three-dimensional multiphoton vibrational imaging technique based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The sensitivity of SRS imaging is significantly greater than that of spontaneous Raman microscopy, which is achieved by implementing high-frequency (megahertz) phase-sensitive detection. SRS microscopy has a major advantage over previous coherent Raman techniques in that it offers background-free and readily interpretable chemical contrast. We show a variety of biomedical applications, such as differentiating distributions of omega-3 fatty acids and saturated lipids in living cells, imaging of brain and skin tissues based on intrinsic lipid contrast, and monitoring drug delivery through the epidermis.
1,862 citations
TL;DR: The development of wave optics for light brought many new insights into our understanding of physics, driven by fundamental experiments like the ones by Young, Fizeau, Michelson-Morley and others as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The development of wave optics for light brought many new insights into our understanding of physics, driven by fundamental experiments like the ones by Young, Fizeau, Michelson-Morley and others. Quantum mechanics, and especially the de Broglie’s postulate relating the momentum p of a particle to the wave vector k of an matter wave: k = 2 λ = p/ℏ, suggested that wave optical experiments should be also possible with massive particles (see table 1), and over the last 40 years electron and neutron interferometers have demonstrated many fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics [1].
1,194 citations
TL;DR: A family of concepts has emerged that overcomes the diffraction barrier altogether and, relying on saturated optical transitions, these concepts are limited only by the attainable saturation level.
Abstract: For more than a century, the resolution of focusing light microscopy has been limited by diffraction to 180 nm in the focal plane and to 500 nm along the optic axis Recently, microscopes have been reported that provide three- to sevenfold improved axial resolution in live cells Moreover, a family of concepts has emerged that overcomes the diffraction barrier altogether Its first exponent, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, has so far displayed a resolution down to 28 nm Relying on saturated optical transitions, these concepts are limited only by the attainable saturation level As strong saturation should be feasible at low light intensities, nanoscale imaging with focused light may be closer than ever
983 citations
TL;DR: Some basic techniques for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states in atoms and molecules are reviewed.
Abstract: We review some basic techniques for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states in atoms and molecules.
812 citations
Book•
30 Apr 2020TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental properties of soft x-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation are discussed and their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft X-ray biomicroscopy.
Abstract: This self-contained, comprehensive book describes the fundamental properties of soft x-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and discusses their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft x-ray biomicroscopy. The author begins by presenting the relevant basic principles such as radiation and scattering, wave propagation, diffraction, and coherence. He then goes on to examine a broad range of phenomena and applications. The topics covered include EUV lithography, biomicroscopy, spectromicroscopy, EUV astronomy, synchrotron radiation, and soft x-ray lasers. He also provides a great deal of useful reference material such as electron binding energies, characteristic emission lines and photo-absorption cross-sections. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences. It will also appeal to practicing engineers involved in semiconductor fabrication and materials science.
786 citations