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On the other hand, biology—especially ecology—and sociology demonstrate that complex, viable ecosystems require (bio- and cultural-)diversity, differentiation and dynamic equilibria between species.
Although the examples emphasize my background in plant ecology, it should be obvious that identical approaches apply to animal ecology as well.
This perspective also provides an operational way to integrate evolutionary and ecosystem ecology, which is an important challenge in ecology.
This controversy in contemporary theoretical biology can be solved by integrating the conceptions of molecular ecology with Darwinian theory.
In particular, it argues that teaching scientific ecology through geography fieldwork could overcome several of the fundamental obstacles encountered in biology education.
These results provide a clear mandate for institutional changes to improve interactions between theorists and empiricists in ecology and evolutionary biology.

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What are the concepts and principles of ecology?4 answersEcology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It involves the study of the natural environment, including the relations of organisms to one another and to their surroundings. The field of ecology focuses on the biodiversity, distribution, biomass, and population of organisms, as well as primary production, nutrient cycles, and the regulation of energy and matter through the environment. Evolutionary concepts such as adaptation and natural selection are important areas of study in ecology. Interactions between organisms, such as cooperation and competition, are also explored. The environment of an organism consists of both biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (physical forces) components. Ecosystems, which are dynamic complexes of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and their non-living environment, play a crucial role in ecology.
What is the definition of ecology?4 answersEcology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It involves understanding the interactions between living organisms and their surroundings, including both biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (physical forces) components. The environment of an organism consists of everything external to that organism, such as wind, sunlight, soil, and man-made infrastructure. Ecology also encompasses the study of biodiversity, distribution, biomass, and populations of organisms, as well as cooperation and competition within and between species. Ecosystems, which are dynamic systems, are composed of organisms, their communities, and the nonliving components of their environment. Overall, ecology is a branch of biology that focuses on understanding the relationships and interactions between organisms and their environment.
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