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Are membrane keyboards closer to tactile or linear? 

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These results show that spatial distortions of touch are well characterized by a geometrically simple stretch of tactile space.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Qian Wan, Ryan P. Adams, Robert D. Howe 
16 May 2016
26 Citations
Results show that tactile signals are highly variable despite good repeatability in grasping conditions.
These results show that distortions in perceived tactile distance can be characterized by geometrically simple and coherent deformations of tactile space.
The vibrotactile sensation and tactile performance are thus believed to be strongly influenced by the nonlinear and time-dependent properties of the soft tissues.
Results show that standard soft keyboards perform best, even at small space allocations.
Thus, the sensing range and sensitivity of the present tactile sensor can also be tuned after the change of polymer membrane stiffness.
These findings are particularly important given that tactile interfaces are currently being developed for a number of different application domains.
Since onscreen keyboards compete with other user interface elements for limited screen space, it is essential that soft keyboard designs are optimally laid out.
Applications: These findings may influence keyboard standards and the design of keyboards.
We hypothesize that people will attribute tactile feedback to the key being pressed, even with global tactile feedback, provided that the tactile signal on other parts of the surface is sufficiently attenuated.