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These peptides are potential candidates for future therapeutic drugs.
Nevertheless, it is stressed that caged peptides are themselves potentially useful reagents.
These peptides may serve as promising templates for the future designs of antimicrobial peptides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maria Pia Protti, Matteo Bellone 
01 Feb 1998-Immunology Today
8 Citations
These results are the first demonstration of the potential efficacy of natural peptides in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2002-Biopolymers
318 Citations
from preclinical studies with some peptides are encouraging in their targeting potential.

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Does DSRNA induce an innate immune response in cancer?
5 answers
Yes, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can induce an innate immune response in cancer cells. Studies have shown that endogenous dsRNA can activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and trigger antiviral signaling cascades, leading to an interferon response that can sensitize resistant melanoma to immunotherapy. Additionally, the RNA-binding protein DDX3X plays a crucial role in regulating cellular dsRNA levels, and its loss can lead to aberrant accumulation of dsRNAs, activating type I interferon signaling and innate immune responses in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in ovarian cancer, dsRNA delivered via a carrier called NDX has shown to stimulate immune responses and enhance antitumor activity, indicating the potential of dsRNA as a cancer therapeutic. Overall, dsRNA can indeed trigger innate immune responses in cancer cells, offering a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.
What does non-classical adsorption of antibiotic on cellulose srface mean?
4 answers
Non-classical adsorption of antibiotics on cellulose surfaces refers to unique mechanisms beyond traditional adsorption processes. Studies show that cellulose can be functionalized with glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) to enhance antibiotic adsorption capabilities, with the surface nanostructure of GMA-modified cotton fibers playing a crucial role. Additionally, chelation with transition metals like titanium and iron can render cellulose more reactive, allowing for the replacement of metal ligands with antibiotic molecules, leading to cellulose-metal-antibiotic chelates with enhanced antibacterial properties. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) interact with cellulose surfaces through a combination of hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions, influencing the structural stability and adsorption affinity of the peptides on cellulose. These findings collectively demonstrate the diverse and intricate nature of antibiotic adsorption on cellulose surfaces, showcasing non-classical pathways for enhancing antimicrobial properties.
What are difficulty on bioactive algae peptide analysis.?
5 answers
Analyzing bioactive peptides from algae poses several challenges. The extraction of proteins from seaweeds requires disruptive methods due to the complex cell wall composition, potentially co-extracting non-protein molecules and affecting yield. Furthermore, the biochemistry underlying the stress tolerance of macroalgae remains poorly understood, hindering the elucidation of metabolic pathways for bioactive molecules. Microalgae, another source of bioactive compounds, face issues with poor digestibility due to rigid cell walls, necessitating pretreatments for effective protein extraction. Additionally, the underexploitation of seaweed-derived bioactive peptides is attributed to challenges in protein extraction from algal biomass and limited proteomic information on certain species. These difficulties highlight the need for innovative extraction techniques and further research to harness the full potential of bioactive peptides from algae for various applications.
Does the type of phosphatidylcholine (e.g., phosphatidylcholine-serine, phosphatidylcholine-ethanolamine) have a differential effect on T cell function?
5 answers
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) variants like phosphatidylcholine-serine and phosphatidylcholine-ethanolamine can impact T cell function differently. Research shows that PC liposomes, a form of phosphatidylcholine, reduce CD4 receptor expression in human macrophages, leading to decreased HIV entry. Additionally, egg-derived PC in a high-fat diet improved T cell responses by increasing IL-2 production in rats. Moreover, the absence of SELENOI, an enzyme involved in ethanolamine phospholipid synthesis, hindered T cell activation and proliferation, emphasizing the role of ethanolamine phospholipids in metabolic reprogramming during T cell activation. Furthermore, phosphatidylserine (PS) blockers combined with immunoresponsive cells enhanced immune responses against cancers and pathogens by targeting antigen-recognizing receptors like chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T cell receptors (TCRs). These findings collectively suggest that different forms of phosphatidylcholine can indeed influence T cell function through various mechanisms.
How does the presence of phosphatidylcholins affect the activation and proliferation of T cells?
4 answers
The presence of phosphatidylcholins (PC) has a significant impact on T cell activation and proliferation. Studies have shown that oxidized phospholipids (ox-PL) strongly inhibit T cell proliferation induced by certain stimuli, while unoxidized phospholipids do not have the same effect. Additionally, phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D (PLD) activation is linked to the antigen receptors on T lymphocytes, suggesting a role in driving cells into cycle or maintaining cell cycle progression, crucial for proliferation and activation-induced cell death. Furthermore, egg-derived phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been found to modulate T cell responses, with diets rich in PC improving T cell function by increasing IL-2 production, thus enhancing immune responses. Overall, the presence of phosphatidylcholins plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and proliferation, impacting immune function.
What is the function of quadruplex in the telomeres?
5 answers
Quadruplex structures in telomeres play a crucial role in cancer therapy by serving as potential therapeutic targets due to their ability to inhibit telomere function. These structures are formed by the G-rich sequences in human telomeric DNA, contributing to the regulation of genetic expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Additionally, quadruplexes in telomeres are linked to controlling the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting RNA polymerase I in ribosome biogenesis. The destabilization of human telomeric G-quadruplexes through peptide binding has been shown to reduce cell viability, making them key modulators for diseases with G4 motifs. Overall, quadruplex structures in telomeres offer a promising avenue for cancer therapy by targeting specific motifs independent of heterogeneous telomere maintenance mechanisms.
How do peptide libraries contribute to target identification and validation in drug discovery?
5 answers
Peptide libraries play a crucial role in target identification and validation in drug discovery by enabling the rapid discovery of protein-protein interaction modulators. They aid in hit-finding methods through peptide-encoded libraries (PELs) and DNA-encoded libraries (DELs). Target identification for protein and peptide drugs is enhanced by bioinformatics prediction models, leading to the development of effective genome-wide target prediction tools like POPPIT. Peptide libraries also facilitate biomarker discovery and validation processes, ensuring a robust transition from discovery to validation in biomarker research. Furthermore, peptide-based therapeutics are explored for antiviral drug development, with over 60 approved peptide drugs available in the market. Overall, peptide libraries offer a versatile and effective approach in target identification and validation processes in drug discovery.
Downexpression of MHC in tumors
4 answers
Downregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) in tumors is a common immune evasion mechanism observed in various cancers. This downregulation can lead to reduced recognition by CD8+ T cells, impacting anti-tumor immunity. Studies have shown that MHC-I expression in tumors can be heterogeneous, with different subtypes exhibiting varying levels of MHC-I expression. Interestingly, tumors with low or absent MHC-I expression pose a challenge for T cell-based immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade. However, the reversible nature of MHC-I downregulation mechanisms offers opportunities for restoring MHC-I expression and enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the intricacies of MHC-I downregulation in tumors is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
How does the immune system cause coronary artery disease?
5 answers
The immune system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). In CAD, atherosclerosis leads to the narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque formation. Both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells) and adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) are involved in atherosclerosis development and progression. Activation of CD4+ T cells in response to oxidized lipoproteins initiates atheroma formation, while CD8+ T cells contribute to plaque rupture. Immune-related genes and m6A patterns are altered in CAD patients, indicating a close relationship between the immune system and the disease. Stabilizing post-translational modifications in immune-related genes can lead to an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype, affecting T cell responses. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between the immune system and CAD pathophysiology.
DIDA use in PVC flexibility
5 answers
The use of diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) in PVC formulations significantly impacts flexibility. DIDA exudes during oven-aging unless oxidation occurs to prevent it, showcasing its behavior under specific conditions. Additionally, studies have explored the influence of different plasticizers on PVC properties, with findings indicating that DIDA can be affected by oxidative fragmentation and antioxidant presence, affecting its volatility and low-temperature flexibility. Furthermore, research has shown that DIDA's compatibility with PVC can be altered by the presence of antioxidants like bisphenol A (BPA), which can influence its exudation behavior and efficiency at low temperatures. These insights highlight the complex interplay between DIDA, antioxidants, and PVC flexibility, emphasizing the importance of careful formulation considerations for achieving desired material properties.
What are the cytokines involved with TIM3 receptor from T helper cell?
5 answers
The cytokines involved with the TIM-3 receptor on T helper cells include IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-2, and IL-21. TIM-3 expression on T cells is associated with the regulation of Th1 immunity and tolerance, with TIM-3(+) Th1 cells secreting elevated levels of IFN-γ and other cytokines like IL-17, IL-2, and IL-6 when stimulated. In chronic viral infections, TIM-3(+) cytotoxic T cells are dysfunctional and unable to secrete effector cytokines like IFN-γ and TNF-α. Moreover, TIM-3 expression on monocytes/macrophages accelerates the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, promoting Th17 responses in conditions like chronic hepatitis B. These findings highlight the diverse roles of TIM-3 in modulating cytokine responses in various immune contexts.