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Agents subject to high rates of taxation on dividends tend to hold stocks with lower dividends and sell (buy) stocks that raise (lower) dividends.
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Most people - not just the public and the media, but also politicians, and even bureaucrats and the courts - seem to believe that the shareholders do, in fact, own corporations.
When politicians divest stocks, firms discontinue contributions to the politicians, lose future contracts, and perform poorly.
We find that left-wing voters and politicians are less likely to invest in stocks, controlling for income, wealth, education, and other relevant factors.
Political markets eventually sort out those politicians with significantly deviant policy preferences, potentially providing a solution to the last period problem and enabling politicians to make credible commitments.
It then proposes that, for non-executive directors to develop the attitudes and behaviors recommended by Roberts, McNulty and Stiles, it is important to require them own a significant amount of company stocks over a long period of time.
One may argue, however, that not all foreign stocks are available to a domestic investor.
A moderate left voter is 17-20% less likely to own stocks than a moderate right voter.
Similarly, when stock prices are far from the 52-week highs, they are willing to buy stocks instead of selling them.

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