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To our knowledge these are the highest performance transistors and the fastest circuits ever fabricated directly on plastic
The results presented here will open the way to fabricating efficient light-emitting transistors with high mobility.
The performance of the transistors is among the ones of the best devices based on colloidal nanostructures.
The results show the possibility of fabricating transistors with a very thin, highly doped base.
Electrical output characteristics of both kinds of devices are reported, demonstrating that the performances of our devices may be compared to those of transistors fabricated employing different realization techniques.
To the best of our knowledge, these are the most radiation-hard thin film transistors reported to date.
We believe these are the fastest transistors of their kind in the world.
It is concluded that neither material is likely to be the basis of commercially successful thin film transistors.
The results may have implications to field-effect transistors made from other chemically derived materials.

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What are the different methods of doping metal complexes with polymers?
5 answers
Metal complexes can be doped with polymers using various methods. One approach involves synthesizing metal complexes comprising a metal Me, a hydroxy group ligand, and another ligand, which can then be used as flame-retardants in polymer compositions. Another method includes complexation of divalent Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) metal ions with modified polystyrene-alt-(maleic anhydride) ligands to form polymer-metal complexes with octahedral geometry, characterized by various techniques like FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM. Additionally, a novel route for molecular doping involves dispersing dopants in an orthogonal solvent to dope a thiophene-based semiconducting polymer film with a metal-organic complex, leading to enhanced conductivity and efficient charge transfer within the polymer lamellae. These methods showcase diverse strategies for doping metal complexes with polymers for various applications.
What names are applied to the two types of BJT transistors?
5 answers
The two types of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are named based on the arrangement of semiconductor materials within them. The first type is called NPN, which stands for Negative-Positive-Negative, while the second type is known as PNP, which stands for Positive-Negative-Positive. In an NPN transistor, the switch turns on when a current flows through the base, whereas in a PNP transistor, the switch turns on when there is no current through the base. These configurations are essential in determining the behavior and functionality of the transistors, influencing their applications in amplification, switching, and digital circuit elements.
What is application or daily use of adder and subtractor?
5 answers
Adder and subtractor circuits play a crucial role in digital circuits for performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction. These circuits are essential components in processors, where the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) utilizes them for executing mathematical functions. In the realm of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), novel adder/subtractor designs have been proposed, leveraging the benefits of quantum technology for efficient and cost-effective computing systems. Additionally, the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) is employed for verifying the functionality of adder-subtractor circuits, offering automation and ease of building verification environments. Overall, adder and subtractor circuits find widespread application in daily computing tasks, ensuring accurate and reliable arithmetic calculations in various digital systems.
How does temperature could result to more radiation?
5 answers
Temperature can influence radiation emission in various ways. Higher temperatures lead to increased energy emission from objects, with visible energy emitted around 650°C. For instance, in the case of parametric x-ray radiation (PXR) from a Si crystal bombarded by electrons, cooling the crystal to liquid-nitrogen temperature enhances radiation intensity compared to room temperature. Moreover, studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes show that aberration frequency post-irradiation is significantly higher at 37°C compared to 5°C, indicating a temperature-dependent effect on radiation-induced damage. Additionally, research on radiation absorption in living tissues at different temperatures suggests that radiation effects may be more pronounced at higher temperatures, highlighting the potential risks of combining elevated temperatures with x-radiation, especially in patients with body temperatures around 40°C.
What are the challenges in single molecular electronics can large language model can solve?
5 answers
Challenges in single-molecule electronics, such as connecting molecules between wires for device functionality, persist despite advancements in theory and experiment. Machine learning models, like MoLFormer, trained on vast unlabeled molecular datasets, offer a solution by providing accurate property predictions with reduced complexity. These models, leveraging transformer-based language learning, outperform traditional supervised methods by capturing structural information from SMILES sequences of billions of molecules. MoLFormer's ability to learn spatial relationships between atoms within molecules enables it to predict various molecular properties, including quantum-chemical properties, showcasing the potential of large language models in addressing challenges in single-molecule electronics and advancing fields like drug discovery and material design.
What is lowest hysteresis alginate pedot pss compiste film?
4 answers
The lowest hysteresis alginate/PEDOT:PSS composite film is achieved through the fabrication of a conductive, stretchable, hydro-biodegradable cellulose/PEDOT:PSS hybrid film, exhibiting exceptional mechanical and electrical properties with minimal hysteresis. Additionally, a robust PAA/PEDOT:PSS conductive hydrogel with strong adhesion, well-matched modulus with skin tissue, low swelling, and negligible hysteresis is successfully prepared for wearable electronics applications. Furthermore, a side-polished optical fiber (SPOF) pulsewidth modulation (PWM)-based sensing system utilizing PEDOT:PSS as the primary temperature-sensitive sensing material demonstrates excellent hysteresis response and stability in temperature detection, outperforming other sensors in terms of hysteresis and performance. These studies collectively highlight the potential of PEDOT:PSS-based materials in achieving low hysteresis characteristics for various applications.
How solution processed SnO2 concentration effect the thin films properties?
4 answers
The concentration of solution-processed SnO2 significantly impacts the properties of thin films. Studies show that varying SnO2 concentrations affect the structural, optical, and opto-electrical properties of the films. Higher concentrations lead to improved spectral response, with the best response observed at 0.2 M concentration. Additionally, the pH level during synthesis plays a crucial role, affecting transparency, resistance, and bandgap energy of the films. Furthermore, solution-processed SnO2 films demonstrate good insulator properties, with low leakage current and high resistance, making them suitable for applications like field-effect transistors. Moreover, mixing SnO2 with ZnO in titanium dioxide thin films results in enhanced transparency, altered absorption coefficients, and changes in energy gaps, refractive index, and extinction coefficients. Overall, the concentration of solution-processed SnO2 is a key factor influencing various properties of thin films.
What is the lowest degree of hysteresis of PAAm hydrogel?
5 answers
The lowest degree of hysteresis reported for a PAAm hydrogel is 0.13% during load-unload cycles, even under 1000% strain, as demonstrated in a study by Wang et al.. This exceptional performance was achieved through a spatial confinement gelation strategy that avoids stress concentration and hysteresis by controlling the ratio of bound to free water, allowing polymer chains to slide and dissipate energy effectively. Additionally, other studies have highlighted the importance of low hysteresis in hydrogels for various applications, such as wearable sensors, strain sensors with quick resilience, and conductive hydrogels for wearable electronics with negligible hysteresis. These findings underscore the significance of minimizing hysteresis in PAAm hydrogels for enhancing their mechanical properties and functionality in diverse applications.
What is the highest conductivity of PEDOT:PSS?
4 answers
The highest conductivity of PEDOT:PSS reported in the provided contexts is 4288 S/cm, achieved in a study focusing on the fabrication of highly conductive and flexible PEDOT:PSS fibers for wearable electronics applications. Other studies have also demonstrated significant enhancements in conductivity. For instance, inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS films exhibited a high conductivity of 1050 S/cm, while 3D-printed PEDOT:PSS structures reached a conductivity of 1200 S/cm, surpassing typical 2D-processed films. Moreover, a PEDOT:PSS composite film with 40 wt% SWCNTs achieved a remarkable conductivity of 4717.8 S/cm, the highest among composites based on commercial carbon fillers and organic semiconductors. These advancements highlight the potential of PEDOT:PSS in various applications requiring high conductivity and flexibility.
What are the benefits of writing by hand?
5 answers
Writing by hand offers numerous benefits for learning and cognitive development. Research suggests that when individuals write by hand, they engage in sensory-motor integration, leading to optimal conditions for memory encoding and learning. This process involves synchronized brain activity in key regions associated with memory and learning, particularly in the theta range. Additionally, the act of handwriting allows individuals to actively see and feel the letters being written, aiding in symbol recognition and information retention. Furthermore, writing by hand involves fine and controlled hand movements, promoting neural oscillation patterns crucial for learning, especially in children. Overall, the benefits of handwriting include enhanced memory, sensory-motor integration, and cognitive development, making it a valuable practice even in today's digital age.
What is resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS)?
5 answers
Resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS) is a powerful technique that combines X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray scattering to investigate the nano- and meso-scale structure of biological assemblies and organic materials with chemical specificity. RSoXS experiments involve collecting scattering data at various photon energies, often spanning elemental absorption edges of interest, to enhance contrast and provide detailed structural insights. By utilizing tender X-rays, RSoXS enables resonant interactions with organic materials, offering advantages such as improved scattering contrast, anisotropic sensitivity to molecular orientation, and the ability to study molecular packing variations through resonant diffraction experiments. Additionally, advancements like Polarized Resonant Soft X-ray scattering (P-RSoXS) further enhance the technique's sensitivity to molecular orientation and chemical heterogeneity in soft materials like polymers and biomaterials.