Can nitrogen in fertiliser use as catalyst in pyrolysis of plastic?
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The results were summarized as follows: (i) nitrogen pyrolysis process can effectively decompose plastic. | |
218 Citations | Pyrolysis of plastic waste could have an important role in converting this waste into economically valuable hydrocarbons, which can be used either as fuels or as feed stock in the petrochemical industry. |
The catalyst is easy to handle, selective, and reusable and ammonia dissolved in water could be employed as the nitrogen source. | |
16 Citations | Therefore, the catalytic pyrolysis process of this residue, especially with a Ni/AC catalyst, has the potential to be a viable option for producing upgraded pyrolysis oil, which may be applied as a quality alternative biofuel. |
72 Citations | Pyrolysis of N-rich nonlignocellulosic biomass is a promising way to their energy utilization, in which the evolution of fuel-N may result in serious emission of N-containing pollution due to abundant nitrogen content in them. |
19 Citations | Nitrogen functionalities play an important role on the conversion of fuel-N during pyrolysis of raw and torrefied biomass while the influences haven’t been clarified yet. |
39 Citations | The results suggested the applicability of the proposed pyrolysis method for enhancing the catalytic conversion of plastic waste into useful hydrocarbons. |
In other words, products of catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste can be potential alternatives to the petroleum-derived fuels. | |
This approach does not require any nitrogen-containing carbon precursors or post-treatment, but takes advantage of the preferential reaction and/or replacement of oxygen with nitrogen species, generated by decomposition of ammonia at elevated temperatures, in oxygen-rich polymers during pyrolysis. | |
67 Citations | Pyrolysis at >1000 °C is desirable since most nitrogen in the biomass will be converted to N2 with <7% released as HCN and NH3. |
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How design of experiment has been applied to catalytic pyrolysis of plastics?5 answersDesign of experiments has been crucially applied to catalytic pyrolysis of plastics to optimize the process parameters for maximum yield of valuable products. Studies have utilized central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to predict optimal conditions for liquid fuel production. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of optimizing experimental designs through the study of microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis technology and catalyst application to enhance product selectivity. Furthermore, the use of catalysts in pyrolysis processes has been recommended to lower the temperature required for breaking hydrocarbon bonds, improving efficiency. These approaches highlight the significance of experimental design in catalytic pyrolysis, aiming to increase the efficiency and sustainability of plastic waste conversion processes.
What is the best type of plastic for co-pyrolysis?5 answersThe best type of plastic for co-pyrolysis depends on the desired outcome. Polypropylene (PP) provides small hydrogen radicals, leading to an increase in aromatic production. Polystyrene (PS) acts as an insulator, inhibiting oil formation while increasing char yield. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) enhances char formation and dehydration, resulting in increased levels of char and water. Polycarbonate (PC) enhances oil and gas yields through promoting decomposition. Modified dolomite catalysts, such as Ni-doped dolomite, can increase the yield and quality of bio-oil. Biomass-plastic mixtures have a good influence on the gaseous fraction, with potential for use as a replacement for coke oven gas. Co-pyrolysis of corn stover with plastic improves the yield and quality of pyrolysis products. Polyolefin plastics, such as syringes and medical bottles, can offset the poor mono-pyrolytic performance of textile dyeing sludge.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis of biomass and plastic to obtain bio-oil?5 answersThe advantages of pyrolysis of biomass and plastic to obtain bio-oil include the low-cost, plentiful, and environmentally friendly nature of lignocellulosic biomass, which can be transformed into biogas, bio-oil, and biochar through pyrolysis. Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising approach for the production of high-quality and renewable biofuels, as it favors the refinement of bio-oil through various reactions, such as deoxygenation, cracking, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation. Biomass pre-treatment methods, such as thermal methods like torrefaction, can improve the physiochemical properties of bio-oil, increasing its hydrocarbon content and decreasing the activation energy of the pyrolysis process. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics can also be used to upgrade bio-oil, mitigating waste and producing valuable chemicals. However, there are also disadvantages, such as the undesired properties of raw bio-oil, including high contents of oxygenates, water, and acids, which restrict its large-scale application and commercialization. The major bottlenecks for commercial applications of upgraded bio-oil are the initial stage (upgrading techniques), high production costs, and pilot scale production.
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Is nitrous oxide used as a fertiliser in agriculture?2 answersNitrous oxide is not used as a fertilizer in agriculture. Instead, it is a potent greenhouse gas emitted from agricultural soil management, including the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. The abstracts provided discuss the effects of different nitrogen management practices on nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural systems. They highlight the importance of managing soil health and nutrient use efficiency to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and minimize environmental impacts. The studies focus on the transition from conventional tillage to no tillage, the use of enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, and the interaction between nitrogen management and microbial communities in the soil. The goal is to find strategies that balance high crop yields with reduced nitrous oxide emissions, contributing to both food security and environmental sustainability.