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Stem cells can promote regeneration and repair injury.
In this way, cultures of stem cells can over-express growth factors.
In this context, stem cells (SCs) present the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation capacity, which make them promising candidates for tissue engineering.
As growth factors (GFs) powerfully regulate the cell biological response, their exogenous addition can further stimulate stem cells into the tenogenic lineage, which might eventually depend on stem cells source.
In this new culture system, these human pluripotent stem cells can stably grow, even if in clonal density with keeping expression of stem cell markers.
Stem cells can reduce inflammation, prevent fibrosis, promote angiogenesis, recruit endogenous progenitor cells, and differentiate to replace damaged cells.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
30 Jan 1999-BMJ
5 Citations
This finding raises the possibility that adult human stem cells may some day be coached to grow into organs, regenerate damaged tissue, or reconstitute the immune system.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
09 Jan 2001-Current Biology
136 Citations
Recent results suggest that stem cells from one tissue can give rise to cells from developmentally unrelated tissues.
The use of allogenic stem cells can enlarge their therapeutical interest, provided that the grafted cells could be tolerated.
Reprogramming of some adult stem cells can occur in vivo; the stem cells normally resident in bone marrow appear particularly flexible and are able to contribute usefully to multiple recipient organs.

Related Questions

What are the best ways to get taller?5 answersTo increase height, maintaining good posture is crucial as hyperkyphosis, a stooped posture, has been linked to higher mortality rates in older individuals, emphasizing the importance of standing up straight. Additionally, incorporating exercises that promote spinal health and stretching can help improve posture and potentially contribute to a taller appearance. Furthermore, the alignment of vision with touch and proprioception plays a role in how one perceives their body, indicating the significance of body awareness in height perception. While genetic factors largely determine one's height potential, focusing on factors within control like posture, exercise, and body awareness can help individuals optimize their height and overall well-being.
What are the genetic factors that contribute to height increase in humans?5 answersGenetic factors play a significant role in determining human height. Research indicates that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) collectively explain a substantial portion of height heritability, with 12,111 independent SNPs identified across 7,209 loci that encompass the majority of common height-associated variants. Studies focusing on the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) axis have shown associations between polymorphic variations in genes like GH-1, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 with tall stature, emphasizing the genetic influence on extreme height variations. Genome-wide linkage analyses and association studies have identified specific genetic variants, such as a functional variant on the COL11A1 gene, that contribute to height variation in the general population. These findings highlight the complex genetic architecture underlying human height.
What's the essential for kids to grow taller?5 answersTo promote optimal growth in children, essential factors include proper nutrition, regular physical activity, and genetic predisposition. Nutrition plays a crucial role in growth, with a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, and minerals being vital. Additionally, physical activity stimulates growth by promoting bone health and muscle development. Genetic factors also significantly influence height potential, as seen in conditions like Fibrous dysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP), where genetic mutations lead to abnormal bone growth and deformities, affecting overall stature. Therefore, a combination of healthy eating habits, physical exercise, and genetic predisposition are essential for children to reach their maximum height potential.
What is the effect of stem cells on bone regeneration?5 answersStem cells have shown to be effective in bone regeneration. They can be used for the treatment of various bone-related diseases and have been found to be more efficient than traditional methods such as surgical procedures. Stem cell-based therapy combined with bone tissue engineering is a possible alternative to current bone augmentation techniques. Stem cells have self-renewal and differentiation capacity, and they can secrete bioactive molecules and regulate the behavior of other cells in the host tissue, which can improve the bone regeneration process. Stem cells, including multipotent and pluripotent cells, are considered a regenerative remedy for bone defects. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated for bone regeneration, but engraftment of transplanted cells can be hindered by insufficient oxygen and nutrients supply. Various approaches, such as scaffold and hydrogel constructs, genetic modifications, and surface engineering of the cell membrane, are being explored to improve MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration.
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What are the most effective physical agents for tendon injury treatment?
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What is the definition of "nanoengineering" ?
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Nanoengineering refers to the manipulation and design of materials at the nanoscale level to create structures with unique properties and functionalities. This field utilizes advanced nanofabrication techniquesto directly modify electronic, magnetic, or optical properties of materials, leading to applications in various sectors such as medicine, neuroscience, catalysis, and green energy harvesting. In the context of antimicrobial coatings, nanoengineering has led to the development of nanoantimicrobials that combat microbial resistance by altering surface characteristics to inhibit biofilm formation. Moreover, in tissue engineering, nanoengineering plays a crucial role in developing biomaterials like nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanoparticles that mimic native tissues, enabling tissue regeneration and organ printing for medical applications.
What are the relationship between genomic imprinting and epigenetic memories in stem cells?
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The relationship between genomic imprinting and epigenetic memories in stem cells is intricate and multifaceted, reflecting a dynamic interplay that influences cellular identity, differentiation, and response to environmental stimuli. Genomic imprinting, a process regulated by parental-specific DNA methylation of imprinting control regions (ICRs), establishes epigenetic states that are memorized and maintained through cell divisions, and yet are capable of being reset during germline formation. This mechanism of epigenetic memory is crucial for the proper development and function of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as it dictates the cell's epigenetic landscape and influences its differentiation potential. The role of epigenetic memory in stem cells extends beyond genomic imprinting to encompass responses to environmental stimuli, such as inflammation or infection, which can induce epigenetic reprogramming. This reprogramming enhances the cells' responses to future challenges, a phenomenon observed in both innate immune cells and HSCs, highlighting the adaptive nature of epigenetic memory. Furthermore, the process of reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reveals that epigenetic memories, including those established by genomic imprinting, can influence the reprogramming efficiency and the differentiation capacity of iPSCs, predisposing them towards the lineage of their cell of origin. Epigenetic memories in stem cells, governed in part by genomic imprinting, are not static but are subject to modifications that can either reinforce or alter the cell's epigenetic state. This dynamic regulation is essential for the flexibility and stability of epigenetic information transfer across cell divisions, allowing stem cells to maintain their pluripotency while being capable of lineage-specific differentiation. Thus, the relationship between genomic imprinting and epigenetic memories in stem cells is a cornerstone of cellular development and function, embodying the complexity of epigenetic regulation in determining cell fate and identity.
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The endocrine impact of 19-nortestosterone compounds, such as nandrolone, is significant based on the data from the provided contexts. Studies have shown that nandrolone affects neural stem cells' proliferation and differentiation by interacting with the androgen receptor. Furthermore, the metabolism of prohormones like 19-norandrostenediol leads to the production of nandrolone, influencing endocrinological parameters at plasma concentrations as low as 0.3 to 1.2 ng/ml. In terms of male fertility control, nandrolone esters have been explored for their slow-release characteristics, effectively inducing azoospermia without severe side effects. Additionally, the growth and development of sex accessory glands in hypogonadal mice were stimulated by 19-nortestosterone treatment, indicating its impact on endocrine functions.
Can the anterior and posterior lobes of the mouse pituitary gland be distinguished by appearance?
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Yes, the anterior and posterior lobes of the mouse pituitary gland can be distinguished by appearance, as evidenced by various studies focusing on their structural, cellular, and functional differences. The anterior lobe is composed of endocrine cells, vasculature, and supporting cells, including folliculostellate cells, which are characterized by the expression of specific proteins such as S100B in rats and glial fibrillary acid protein in humans. In contrast, the posterior lobe, or neurohypophysis, contains hypothalamic axonal termini, fenestrated endothelia, and pituicytes, which are the resident astroglia. The anterior lobe contains acidophile and basophil cells that secrete various hormones affecting growth, metabolism, and other glands, while the posterior lobe releases neurohormones like vasopressin and oxytocin, which are involved in osmotic balance, blood pressure, reproduction, and lactation. Developmentally, the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland differentiate from Rathke’s pouch, an initially homogeneous epithelium, while the posterior lobe develops from a ventral outpocketing of the neural tube, the infundibulum. The structural development of the pituitary gland, including the formation of capillary networks and the distribution of mesenchyme, further distinguishes the lobes. Imaging studies have also contributed to understanding the distinct appearances of the lobes. CT scans and MR images reveal differences in density and signal intensity between the anterior and posterior lobes, attributed to their unique cellular compositions and vascular characteristics. Additionally, the presence of SOX2-positive cells in the anterior lobe, which are stem/progenitor cells supplying hormone-producing cells, underscores the functional and cellular distinctions between the lobes. In summary, the anterior and posterior lobes of the mouse pituitary gland can be distinguished based on their cellular composition, developmental origin, structural features, and imaging characteristics, as supported by a range of studies.
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The best cell lines for experimental dermatology studies include primary and immortalized cell lines that mimic skin biology faithfully. Primary keratinocytes isolated from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumors provide a valuable resource for preclinical research and drug screening due to their unique identity and genetic insights. N/TERT2G cells offer a reproducible alternative to primary cells, showing characteristics like barrier formation and differentiation kinetics. Additionally, in vitro psoriatic human skin equivalents (HSEs) using HaCat cell lines grown on fibroblasts-derived matrices (FDM) provide a relevant model for studying psoriasis and testing new therapeutics. While immortalized cell lines are useful, primary cells like Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK) can offer more consistent behavior in cytotoxicity assays, crucial for assessing drug and cosmetic compatibility with human skin. Immortalized cell lines derived from skin tissues offer stable models for various research applications, including drug screening and cell engineering.