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The results of a second study comparing our controller with an Xbox controller shows that with our controller participants are able to achieve better performance and find that it is easier to use and more usable.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jun 1992
12 Citations
Simulations show that this controller is indeed effective in counteracting the backlash and Coulumb friction, thus leading to a great improvement on the tracking accuracy of the gun turret system.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
N Vijayakumar, R Ramya 
19 Mar 2015
66 Citations
The raspberry PI B+ model can be used as a core controller.
This means that any bilateral controller can be implemented in a passive manner.
The computer mouse or a Wii-controller can be used for real-time interaction with the generative process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sheng Lin, Andrew A. Goldenberg 
01 Feb 2002
54 Citations
The controller has a simple structure and can be easily implemented in applications.
It is shown that the designed multi-scale controller is equivalent to a conventional PID controller augmented with a filter.

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What are the most effective methods for monitoring psychological and pedagogical guidance to ensure optimal student development?
5 answers
The most effective methods for monitoring psychological and pedagogical guidance to ensure optimal student development involve employing a system approach, personal-oriented approach, competence-oriented approach, and quality measurement approach. These methods focus on managing the quality of education, centering the educational process around the student, integrating knowledge and skills for personal-professional development, and considering preparedness as a multi-criterion parameter. Additionally, utilizing educational monitoring to evaluate knowledge, abilities, skills, and competences plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of pedagogical systems. By analyzing and generalizing factors affecting the quality of training university students, such as academic performance and training profiles, educators can predict and adjust the learning process to improve the quality of graduates' training.
What is where house automation?
5 answers
Home automation, also known as building automation or domotics, refers to the automation of household activities and systems within a residential setting. This includes centralized control of lighting, HVAC systems, appliances, and security measures to enhance convenience, comfort, energy efficiency, and safety. The integration of automation in homes allows for tasks like controlling lighting, electrical devices, and even accessing home systems remotely through smartphones or web browsers. Moreover, home automation extends to climate control, enhancing safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness within buildings. In the context of an aging population, home automation plays a crucial role in enabling individuals to stay in their homes longer by monitoring personal and environmental conditions through systems and devices, ensuring safety, comfort, and well-being.
When did start First generation ATSC (Adaptive Traffic Signal Control)?
5 answers
The concept of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) has been evolving over time. The first generation of ATSC systems began with the introduction of well-known systems like SCOOT, SCATS, BALANCE, and MOTION, which aimed to improve traffic flow by optimizing signal plans and coordination patterns based on traffic demand. Additionally, a distributed approach to traffic signal control was presented, utilizing fuzzy decision rules to adjust signal timing parameters at intersections based on local information. Furthermore, a real-time, on-line control algorithm was proposed to enhance the performance of traffic-actuated signal control systems by considering basic control parameters in modern actuated controllers. These early developments laid the foundation for the growth of adaptive traffic signal control methodologies, incorporating artificial intelligence-based optimization and control algorithms in recent years.
How microsoft access contact list work?
5 answers
Microsoft Access contact lists work by processing contact information based on various criteria such as access permissions, communication marks, and user interactions. The system can display contact icons associated with functions, provide access to electronic commerce functions through signals and network addresses, adjust contact positions in lists based on weights derived from communication data, and organize rules in a table format for filtering and identifying traffic in access lists. By utilizing these methods, Microsoft Access enhances security, efficiency, and user experience in managing contact information while reducing the risk of privacy breaches.
Where did Connected and Automated vehicle implement?
5 answers
Connected and Automated Vehicle (CAV) technologies have been implemented in various settings to optimize energy consumption and improve efficiency. One notable implementation involved an optimal control framework in an Audi A3 etron plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, showcasing enhanced efficiency and reduced travel time in a corridor with diverse road conditions. Additionally, a detailed implementation of a Connected Automated Vehicle Highway (CAVH) was described, covering different roadway types and segments to facilitate seamless door-to-door trips for CAVs. The shift towards vehicle and road automation, with vehicles becoming part of the Internet of Things, highlights the potential for significant advancements in traffic safety, mobility, and environmental impact, albeit raising concerns about cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Furthermore, a study outlined an operational concept for CAV operation on freeway managed lanes, emphasizing the benefits of integrated CAV applications like cooperative adaptive cruise control and speed harmonization to enhance system throughput and reduce delays, even at low penetration rates.
What happens if corn farmers do not use machine planters in planting corn?
4 answers
If corn farmers do not use machine planters in planting corn, several consequences can arise. Firstly, without farm machines, pesticide expenditure may increase, negatively impacting human health and the environment. Secondly, missed seeding during planting can be a problem, especially with pneumatic corn planters, affecting the seeding rate and potentially leading to reduced efficiency. Additionally, the absence of machine planters may result in challenges related to precision fertilizing and seeding, affecting the quality and efficiency of the planting process. Moreover, without proper machinery like no-tillage planters, the stability and effectiveness of planting on fields with straw mulching may be compromised, impacting seed spacing and overall performance. Therefore, the use of machine planters is crucial for optimizing pesticide expenditure, seeding accuracy, and overall planting efficiency in corn farming.
Gradual\ level of human control is needed to autonomous vehicles?
5 answers
Gradual human control is crucial for the safe transition of authority from automation to human drivers in autonomous vehicles. Research suggests that a gradual shift of control, such as through haptic shared control, can enhance safety and performance during handover. A predictive haptic takeover control method has been proposed to facilitate a smooth and safe transition, considering both human and automation system behaviors. The policy of human control advocates for humans to maintain a significant level of judgment over autonomous systems, emphasizing the importance of direct and indirect human controls to guide the use of automation in various sectors, including transportation. This approach ensures that human oversight remains integral to the operation of autonomous vehicles, balancing autonomy with human intervention for optimal performance and safety.
What is the defenition of experiences?
5 answers
Experiences encompass a wide array of interactions and perceptions that individuals encounter in various contexts. They involve immersive engagements, such as spatial configurations, multi-sensorial interactions, emotional connections, and self-reflection within performances and learning environments. Experiences can also include revelatory moments, like hearing voices or having visions, which historically have been associated with revered figures and prophets. Furthermore, experiences can be leveraged in educational settings, like integrating museum workshops into courses to deepen understanding and advocacy for culturally relevant practices. In a broader sense, experiences drive predictive control mechanisms, where past interactions inform decision-making processes in uncertain and dynamic systems. Overall, experiences encompass a spectrum of sensory, emotional, cognitive, and social engagements that shape individuals' perceptions and actions in diverse settings.
Can RES be integrated to energy marked based AGC system, and how this system can be developed?
10 answers
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) can indeed be integrated into a market-based Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to managing power system dynamics and frequency regulation. The development of such a system involves several key strategies and technologies, as highlighted by recent research. Firstly, the integration of RES, such as solar and wind energy, into AGC systems requires the design of novel control strategies that can accommodate the variable nature of renewable generation. A three-area hydro-thermal system integrated with RES, employing a novel secondary controller optimized by advanced algorithms, demonstrates improved system dynamics and frequency regulation. Similarly, the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a supplementary source, coordinated with fractional order controllers, shows potential in enhancing system performance by providing additional flexibility and storage capacity. To address the challenges of integrating RES into AGC, including the detailed modeling required for optimal dispatch and the management of energy storage systems (ESS) degradation, a hierarchical AGC dispatch method has been proposed. This method combines heuristics and proactive dispatch models, incorporating state of charge (SOC) recovery strategies to optimize the use of regulating resources while minimizing ESS degradation. Moreover, the integration of RES into deregulated power systems under AGC has been explored, with the inclusion of thermal, gas, and renewable energy sources, alongside aggregate EVs. Advanced optimization algorithms have been applied to tune the system for optimal performance, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating RES in a deregulated market environment. Furthermore, the application of advanced control techniques, such as Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC), has shown to provide better results in systems integrated with RES, indicating the importance of sophisticated control mechanisms in managing the complexities introduced by renewable energy sources. In conclusion, integrating RES into a market-based AGC system is not only feasible but also beneficial for enhancing power system reliability and sustainability. This integration requires innovative control strategies, advanced optimization techniques, and the effective management of energy storage, all aimed at accommodating the variability and uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources.
Can neural networks replace PID controllers?
9 answers
Neural networks have shown significant promise in enhancing the performance of PID controllers, rather than outright replacing them. The integration of neural networks with PID controllers has led to the development of adaptive, intelligent control systems capable of handling complex, nonlinear, and time-varying systems more effectively than traditional PID controllers alone. The research by Günther et al. demonstrates that neural PID controllers, specifically those extended with General Dynamic Neural Networks (GDNN), outperform standard PID controllers in complex control environments, suggesting that neural networks can augment PID controllers to achieve better control in complex scenarios. Rodríguez-Abreo et al. further support this by presenting a self-adjusting PID controller that utilizes a backpropagation neural network for dynamic gain adjustment, indicating neural networks' role in dynamically tuning PID parameters for improved performance. Moreover, the development of neuro controllers for robotic manipulators by integrating neural networks with PID control gains shows the potential for neural networks to enhance PID controllers' adaptability and performance in industrial applications. Similarly, the use of neural networks for tuning fractional order PID controllers, as explored by Pirasteh-Moghadam et al., highlights the versatility and robustness that neural networks can bring to PID control in various plants. The application of fuzzy neural network algorithms in industrial robot control systems by Wang Jiyue et al. demonstrates the improvement in control quality and tracking accuracy, further emphasizing the complementary role of neural networks in enhancing PID control strategies. Hernandez-Barragan et al. show that neural PD controllers, which dynamically adjust their gains, can eliminate the need for the integral part in PID controllers, reducing oscillations and overshoot, thus showcasing a way neural networks can streamline PID control for specific applications. In the realm of omnidirectional mobile platforms, the use of RBF neural networks for real-time PID setting control algorithm adjustments by Niu Zijie et al. presents a novel approach to resolving heading precision issues, indicating neural networks' capability to refine PID control in real-time applications. Al-Waeli et al.'s work on using ANN for optimizing PID controller’s gain in lower limb exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation further supports the argument that neural networks can significantly enhance PID control, achieving faster convergence and improved response characteristics. Merayo et al.'s proposal of integrating a neural network with a PID controller for bandwidth requirements in passive optical networks (PONs) demonstrates neural networks' ability to provide real-time adjustment of PID tuning parameters, offering a more stable and robust control than traditional methods. Lastly, the exploration of a PID approach for deep network optimization by Wangpeng An et al. reveals the intrinsic connections between SGD-Momentum and PID controllers, suggesting that neural networks can also contribute to the optimization of PID-like control in computational applications. In conclusion, while neural networks may not replace PID controllers entirely, they significantly enhance PID controllers' adaptability, performance, and efficiency across a wide range of applications. The synergy between neural networks and PID controllers represents a forward step in control engineering, offering more intelligent, robust, and adaptable control solutions.
What is the purpose of BNWAS on taking over a watch on bridge?
4 answers
The purpose of the Bridge Navigation Watch Alarm System (BNWAS) is to monitor the behavior of watchkeeping personnel (WP) on the bridge to prevent errors that could lead to ship collisions and grounding accidents. The system aims to ensure that the officer of watch (OOW) maintains a sharp lookout on the bridge, thus reducing the risk of marine accidents. BNWAS operates by detecting the movements of the watchkeeper through motion sensors, automatically resetting at regular intervals to confirm alertness without causing undue stress or interruption to the OOW's duties. By utilizing advanced monitoring systems like the proposed Bridge Navigation Watch Monitoring System (BNWMS), which includes motion heatmaps capturing temporal and spatial information, BNWAS enhances safety measures by providing real-time insights into the behavior of watchkeeping personnel.