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Can we differentiate between M tuberculosis and M bovis by AFB staining? 

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This technique provides a simple and extremely sensitive method of identifying isolates of M. bovis and other pathogenic M. tuberculosis complex organisms.
Because of its significantly different epidemiologic profile, compared with that of M. tuberculosis TB, we recommend routine surveillance of M. bovis TB.
This assay would be useful both for detection of the M. tuberculosis complex and for differentiation of M. bovis BCG from pathogenic M. tuberculosis complex species.
Moreover they emphasise that human tuberculosis caused by M bovis persists and might be an underappreciated cause of morbidity and mortality.
Thus, DR and pMBA2 could be, at the moment, the probes of choice for comparisons of M. bovis isolates in different regions and for epidemiological surveillance of bovine tuberculosis.
Because of the phylogenetic proximity of the strains, even if most of these markers have been discovered in M. tuberculosis, they could be successfully adapted to the other bacteria of the M. tuberculosis complex, especially M. bovis.

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