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Thus, these experiments present strong evidence that zinc plays an active role in bone metabolism.
These findings indicate that severe zinc deficiency initiated during adolescence may have important implications for future bone health, especially with regards to bone consolidation in the spine.
The results of the present experiment indicate that the zinc tolerance test, that is, an unequivocal rise in serum zinc following per oral administration of this metal, provides the best indication of zinc status.
This suggests a physiologic significance of zinc in the regulation of bone metabolism.
Zinc may stimulate bone formation in tissue culture.
These findings indicate that for a simple screening test of zinc status, analysis of the plasma zinc concentration remains the single most useful measurement.
The body zinc clearance test was much more useful than serum zinc concentrations in diagnosing marginal zinc deficiency.

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Do osteoinductive properties decrease as osteoconductive properties increase?
5 answers
Osteoinductive properties do not necessarily decrease as osteoconductive properties increase. While osteoinduction focuses on stimulating stem cells towards bone formation, osteoconduction involves guiding bone growth along a scaffold. Studies have shown that materials with osteoinductive properties can also exhibit osteoconductive characteristics, promoting cellular adhesion and new bone formation. The effectiveness of osteoinductive materials, such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM), can vary based on factors like the amount of DBM present in the formulation. Additionally, the design of bone substitutes through additive manufacturing can optimize osteoconduction by creating specific microarchitectures that enhance bone formation away from the surface. Therefore, while both properties are crucial for bone regeneration, they can complement each other rather than exhibit a direct inverse relationship.
Which heavy metals does EDTA remove from waste water using solvent extraction?
5 answers
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is utilized for removing heavy metals from wastewater through solvent extraction. Studies show that EDTA can effectively extract metals like copper and mercury from polluted water, with varying efficiencies based on the chelating agent used and operating parameters. Additionally, EDTA-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites have been developed for the removal of heavy metals such as lead and arsenic from aqueous solutions, showcasing high removal efficiency and reusability. Furthermore, a recycling method involving the synthesis of a heavy metals capturing agent, TEPA-DTC, allows for the regeneration of EDTA during soil washing processes, effectively removing divalent heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and copper. Therefore, EDTA demonstrates a versatile capability in extracting a range of heavy metals from wastewater through various innovative approaches.
Do OCP's structure and moderate solubility promote osteoconduction and osteoinduction, supporting bone formation and growth?
5 answers
The structure and moderate solubility of Octacalcium Phosphate (OCP) play crucial roles in promoting osteoconduction and osteoinduction, supporting bone formation and growth. OCP's microstructure influences cellular responses, with fine-OCP showing enhanced cortical bone regeneration compared to coarse-OCP. Additionally, OCP induces macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, enhancing bone regeneration potential over calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). Furthermore, OCP's effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation is evident in tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs), with higher ALP activity and osteogenesis-related gene expression compared to CDHA. The incorporation of ions like strontium and iron into OCP crystal structures can also impact its properties, highlighting the potential for tailored modifications to enhance its biological functions.
What is carbonate-doped hydroxyapatite?
5 answers
Carbonate-doped hydroxyapatite (CHA) is a material where carbonate ions (CO32-) are incorporated into the hydroxyapatite lattice. This doping process can lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite, affecting its biodegradability, protein adsorption capacity, and biocompatibility. Studies have shown that CHA can be synthesized through controllable mineralization processes, resulting in tunable carbonate substitution degrees. The introduction of carbonate ions into hydroxyapatite lattice can enhance its biodegradability, leading to greater osteogenesis and osteoconductivity compared to pure hydroxyapatite. Additionally, CHA has been utilized as a catalyst for converting ethanol into hydrocarbon fuels, showcasing its potential applications beyond biomedicine.
How does osteopontin regulate blood vessel function and contribute to cardiovascular health?
5 answers
Osteopontin (OPN) plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health by regulating blood vessel function. It exhibits a dual nature where acute increases in OPN are protective, promoting wound healing, neovascularization, and attenuating vascular calcification. However, chronic elevation of OPN levels is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, independently of traditional risk factors. OPN inhibits vascular calcification, preventing ectopic calcium deposits, and is positively correlated with aortic stiffness, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for predicting arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. Moreover, OPN is involved in bone and vascular homeostasis, serving as an adhesive substrate for vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, contributing to angiogenesis and potentially influencing plaque calcification in atherosclerosis. OPN's multifunctional properties make it a key player in cardiovascular disease pathologies.
What factors inflence the albumin cocnetration in the dermal interstitial ffluid?
5 answers
The concentration of albumin in the dermal interstitial fluid is influenced by several factors. Negatively charged glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix play a significant role in the exclusion of albumin from the interstitial space. Hydration levels also impact the exclusion of albumin, with reduced hydration leading to a diminished effect of negative charges on interstitial exclusion of charged macromolecules. Additionally, the composition of the interstitial matrix, particularly collagen and hyaluronan, affects the exclusion of albumin, with collagen and hyaluronan being responsible for a significant portion of the exclusion volume. These factors collectively contribute to the regulation of albumin concentration in the dermal interstitial fluid.
What are the differences in the effectiveness of self-ligating and conventional brackets in orthodontic treatment?
5 answers
Studies comparing self-ligating brackets to conventional brackets in orthodontic treatment have yielded mixed results. While some research suggests that self-ligating brackets may not offer significant advantages over conventional brackets in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, they do show benefits in terms of oral health, with less plaque accumulation and Streptococcus mutans presence compared to conventional brackets. Additionally, a study comparing periodontal discomfort, bite force, and masticatory efficiency found no significant differences between self-ligating and conventional brackets. Furthermore, electrolyte and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in oral fluid were found to differ between standard and self-ligating treatments, potentially impacting treatment outcomes. Overall, while self-ligating brackets may not consistently outperform conventional brackets, they do offer advantages in terms of oral health and specific physiological responses during treatment.
What is the potential for Lactobacillus paracollicoides?
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Lactobacillus paracollicoides shows promising potential in various applications. Research indicates that L. paracollicoides, isolated from brewery environments, exhibits unique characteristics, making it a novel species suitable for fermentation processes. Furthermore, studies highlight the ability of L. paracollicoides to ferment crude galacto-oligosaccharides, resulting in high-purity prebiotic media with health-promoting metabolites, suggesting its use in the formulation of prebiotic fermented beverages. Additionally, L. paracollicoides strains have been found to possess anticancer and probiotic properties, making them suitable additives for functional dairy foods, potentially benefiting human health. These findings collectively underscore the diverse potential of L. paracollicoides in the realms of fermentation, prebiotics, and health-promoting applications.
Why contact angle of thin films decreases with increasing doping concentration ZnO?
5 answers
The contact angle of thin films decreases with increasing doping concentration in ZnO due to various factors observed in different studies. For instance, in Zn-doped SnO2 films, the contact angle decreased with increasing Zn doping, indicating a hydrophilic nature of the films. Similarly, in Cu-doped ZnO films, an increase in Cu doping led to changes in surface energy and wettability behaviors, as evidenced by water contact angle measurements. Moreover, in Mg-doped ZnO films, the contact angle decreased with the increase of Mg concentration, showcasing a transition from hydrophobic to hydrophilic behavior. These findings collectively suggest that doping concentration influences the surface properties of thin films, affecting their wetting behavior and contact angle measurements.
Can increased local bone turnover, eg. after fracture, be measured by bone serum markers?
4 answers
Increased local bone turnover, such as after a fracture, can indeed be measured by bone serum markers. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) like procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) are commonly used to monitor bone health and response to treatments. Studies have shown that elevated levels of BTMs, including P1NP and CTX, are associated with radiological healing after fractures. These markers can provide valuable insights into bone remodeling processes and can be indicative of fracture healing progression. Therefore, measuring bone serum markers like P1NP and CTX can be a useful tool in assessing increased local bone turnover, especially in the context of fractures.
What properties of photocatalyst do i need for RWGS reaction?
4 answers
For the RWGS (reverse water-gas shift) reaction, essential properties of a photocatalyst include high activity, stability, and selectivity towards CO production. Catalysts with bimetallic compositions like Ni-Cu or Ni-Mo show enhanced activity and stability. The catalyst's structure, composition, and dispersion of active species significantly impact its performance. For instance, the distribution of Ni throughout the catalyst particle and the presence of active species like Nio and NiAl2O4 are crucial for catalytic activity. Additionally, the presence of oxygen vacancies in the catalyst, such as Mg(Al,Ni)O vacancies, plays a vital role in the reduction of CO2 to CO, highlighting the importance of specific active sites for RWGS reaction. Therefore, a well-designed photocatalyst with optimized composition, structure, and active sites is essential for efficient CO production in the RWGS reaction.