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As a result, the coated brass with copper content of 60-70% is effective and the thickness of coated brass is needed to be more than 1.45μm for high removal rate.
The use of overheating hair dryers, or any other hair care equipment that overheats, should be avoided.
In addition the device designed is safer to use than a hair dryer.
The enhancement of the pull-out properties for brass and brass-coated steel fibers is attributed to the formation of a strong bond between the fiber and matrix that diverts failure to the porous zone surrounding the fiber.

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How does bread yeast contribute to the self-healing properties of concrete?
5 answers
Bread yeast, specifically yeast extract (YE), plays a crucial role in the self-healing properties of concrete by facilitating spore germination. YE enables the germination of spores of bacteria like Bacillus sphaericus within the concrete matrix, promoting microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). This process aids in healing cracks in the concrete structure. Additionally, the use of YE at an optimal concentration of 2 g/l has been shown to provide acceptable mortar properties while supporting spore germination and enhancing the healing ability of the resulting mortar. Therefore, bread yeast extract serves as a key component in promoting the self-healing capabilities of concrete through microbial activities, contributing to the durability and longevity of the material.
What is the challenges to use nanomaterials in concrete in reality and building?
5 answers
Challenges in utilizing nanomaterials in concrete and building construction include the need for environmentally friendly materials with low carbon footprints. Nanoparticles like nanosilica, nano titanium oxide, and others are being explored to enhance properties and reduce the environmental impact of traditional materials like Portland cement. Despite the potential benefits, the practical application of nanomaterials in construction is still in its early stages, with scale-up studies and real-world implementation posing significant challenges. Issues such as understanding the role of nanomaterials in strength enhancement, repair mechanisms, and self-healing abilities need further research to fully leverage the potential of nanotechnology in creating durable and sustainable building materials.
What is gaussian processing? what are the steps?
5 answers
Gaussian processing refers to the utilization of Gaussian processes, which are stochastic processes based on Gaussian probability distributions, known for their flexibility in modeling complex functions. The steps involved in Gaussian processing include initializing parameters of a variational Gaussian process model, modifying these parameters iteratively to optimize an objective function based on expected log-likelihood, and determining gradient estimators for each training data item to adjust the parameters. Gaussian processes are commonly used for surrogate modeling in simulation-based optimization, where Gaussian Process Regression models process performance and Gaussian Process Classification models feasibility constraints, with the ability to tune the feasible region based on a conservativeness parameter. Additionally, Gaussian processes are applied in interpolating spatiotemporal data, capturing complex trends and uncertainties, especially in geospatial trajectories.
What is the typical dynamic range in synthetic aperture sonar systems?
5 answers
The typical dynamic range in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems can vary based on different factors. SAS systems can achieve high resolution independent of the range between the sensor and the target, with resolutions as fine as 5cm across the whole range. By utilizing synthetic aperture techniques, SAS systems can extend the range of detectable velocities towards low velocity vessels, thereby increasing the dynamic range of flow mapping. Additionally, SAS systems have demonstrated high-resolution imaging at long ranges, surpassing what was previously achievable with high-frequency sonars at close range, with images better than 20 cm resolution. Methods have been developed to assess the resolution practically achieved by SAS systems, considering factors like platform trajectory estimation and seabed topography, to ensure quality control and adaptive mission planning.
What is the innovations and advancement with chilled water of photovoltaic thermal technologies?
4 answers
Innovations and advancements in photovoltaic thermal (PVT) technologies with chilled water include utilizing water-cooling solutions to enhance the efficiency of PV panels. Research indicates that PVT systems with nanofluid-based cooling perform better than water-based systems, with hybrid and ternary nanofluids showing higher efficiency and lower pressure drop. Furthermore, solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors have been studied extensively to improve thermodynamic and economic performance, with innovations like innovative heat sink structures and high-thermal-conductivity coolants increasing energy conversion efficiency. Additionally, advancements in PVT systems, particularly in building integrated PVT systems, have seen rapid developments, emphasizing the importance of cooling techniques for improved performance. Overall, these advancements highlight the significant potential of chilled water solutions in enhancing the efficiency and practicality of PVT technologies.
How to use copper oxide as an admixture for concrete?
5 answers
To use copper oxide as an admixture for concrete, one approach is to incorporate CuO nanoparticles (NPs) into the cement matrix. Another method involves utilizing copper slag, a by-product rich in copper oxide, as a partial replacement for sand in concrete mixes. Additionally, thermochemically modified granulated copper slag (GCS) with CaO can act as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) after suitable treatment, reducing cement consumption and CO2 emissions. These methods offer ways to enhance the properties of concrete by leveraging the beneficial characteristics of copper oxide-containing materials, such as improved antibacterial properties, strength enhancement, and environmental sustainability through solid waste recycling.
Can baking soda to oil solidifier?
5 answers
Baking soda is not typically used as an oil solidifier in the context of oil spill cleanup. Solidifiers are chemical agents designed to change oil from a liquid to a solid state, immobilizing it for easier removal and disposal. Various studies have focused on evaluating the effectiveness of different solidifiers for oil spill remediation. These studies have highlighted the importance of using approved chemical countermeasures, such as specific solidifiers, which have undergone testing and evaluation by regulatory bodies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. While baking soda is not mentioned as a common solidifier in the provided research, other substances like cement, fly ash, lime, and sodium silicate have been studied for their ability to solidify oil and gas well sludges effectively.
How does different concentrations of catalase effect the height of bubbles when mixed with h2o2?
5 answers
Different concentrations of catalase can impact the height of bubbles when mixed with H2O2. The presence of catalase enzyme in fruits like banana and watermelon influences the decomposition of excess H2O2, leading to the release of water and oxygen, as observed by O2 bubbles formation. In Bacillus megaterium spores, catalase reduced the radiation sensitizing effect of misonidazole, which promotes the reaction with H2O2, although not completely eliminating the sensitizing effect. A study developed an assay to measure catalase activity visually by estimating the height of foam generated by enzyme-generated oxygen bubbles, showing applicability for various samples including bacterial isolates and human cells. The relationship between catalase, H2O2, and bubble formation was studied, indicating periodic bubble generation and oxygen concentration changes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cytosolic catalase activity was induced by H2O2, crucial for protecting against oxidative stress, with varying responses based on nutrient availability.
What factors affect the heat transfer efficiency of combined solid fin and porous fin media?
6 answers
The heat transfer efficiency of combined solid fin and porous fin media is influenced by several factors, as identified through various research studies. The semi-porous fins, which combine both porous and solid parts, have shown that parameters such as Reynolds number, Darcy number, fin height, and the aspect ratio of the porous region’s height to total fin height significantly affect heat transfer and pressure penalty. Specifically, an optimal Darcy number exists for the utilization of semi-porous fins, enhancing heat transfer while reducing pressure penalties compared to purely solid or porous fins. Transient studies further reveal that the base temperature, internal heat generation, and thermal conductivity of the fin material directly impact the heat transfer along the fin. Additionally, the porous and radiative parameters influence heat dissipation, affecting the fin's temperature and consequently the heat flux entering through the base. The material and configuration of fins, including their amounts and heights, also play a crucial role in energy removal from heated surfaces, with porous fins offering a significant technique for heat transfer intensification. The placement and permeability of porous fins within a system, such as in lid-driven square cavities, can dramatically enhance heat transfer, especially when the fins have excellent permeability. The positions of these fins significantly affect fluid flow and heat transfer, indicating the importance of fin configuration in design considerations. Moreover, the application of external fields, such as electric and magnetic fields, proposes an innovative approach to further enhance heat transfer in porous fin systems. Conjugate heat transfer studies in porous media with temperature jump conditions suggest that the properties of the gas in gas-solid systems have a larger impact on heat transfer than those of the solid, highlighting the influence of medium composition on thermal behavior. The presence of local thermal non-equilibrium in natural porous materials indicates that the rate of heat transfer between fluid and solid phases can significantly affect heat transport efficiency, suggesting the importance of considering these rates in heat transfer models. Numerical analyses using the Chebychev spectral collocation method have shown that various parameters, including convective parameter, porosity parameter, and thermal conductivity, influence the thermal performance of porous fins. An optimum value for these parameters exists, beyond which no significant improvement in heat transfer rate is observed. The use of porous fins and magnetite nanofluid (Fe3O4/water) as coolant has been demonstrated to enhance heat transfer and reduce pressure drop, with optimal porosity and Reynolds number conditions identified for maximum convective heat transfer enhancement. Lastly, the effect of particle deposition and adhesion on the thermal behavior of convective-radiative porous fin heat sinks has been investigated, revealing that thermal fouling impacts temperature distribution and reduces the rate of heat transfer from the fin. In summary, the efficiency of heat transfer in combined solid and porous fin media is affected by a complex interplay of physical parameters, material properties, external conditions, and design configurations. These factors must be carefully considered to optimize heat transfer performance in engineering applications.
Can fly ash blended cement be used in roller compacted concrete?
5 answers
Fly ash blended cement can indeed be utilized in roller-compacted concrete (RCC). Incorporating fly ash in RCC enhances its compressive strength, with a mix containing 12.5% fly ash achieving a peak compressive strength of 28.23 MPa after 28 days. Furthermore, the addition of fly ash contributes to improved workability, lower permeability, and reduced heat of hydration in concrete mixes. The use of fly ash in RCC can also lead to increased durability and sustainability of construction projects, as it is an economic byproduct of the coal industry. Therefore, the integration of fly ash blended cement in roller-compacted concrete not only enhances its mechanical properties but also promotes environmental sustainability in construction practices.
How to use particle packing theory for mortar design?
4 answers
Particle packing theory can be effectively utilized for mortar design by optimizing the distribution of particles to achieve maximum density and strength. By focusing on the particle size distribution of cementitious materials and aggregates, voids among particles can be minimized, enhancing packing density and reducing the amount of binder needed. The Andreasen and Andersen model is commonly employed to achieve optimal packing density in mortars, considering the particle size distributions of various materials used. Additionally, a proposed concrete mix design method based on particle packing principles involves conducting binary particle packing tests to determine the relationship between particle size ratio and void fraction, leading to improved compressive strength and elastic modulus of the prepared concrete. This approach allows for the reduction of cement consumption while maintaining or even enhancing the performance of the mortar.