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It is suggested that most VT neurons project descending axons to the cervical spinal cord.
We also suggest that other species are likely to have a small-celled area of red nucleus projecting to the spinal cord.
These neurochemical and angiogenic substances are undoubtedly involved in some manner in the ability of axons in a transected spinal cord to grow at 1 mm/day and apparently make appropriate connections with distal spinal cord target tissue.
These results indicate that successful growth of axons from the cortex to the spinal cord depends on the developmental age of the tissue terrain (the spinal cord and/or the interface between cortex and spinal cord explants), and to a lesser extent on the developmental state of the cortical neurons, and that axon growth between cortex and spinal cord can be enhanced by exogenous neurotrophins.
Growth of the host dorsal roots into transplants indicates that fetal spinal cord tissue permits regeneration of adult axotomized neurons that would otherwise be aborted at the dorsal root/spinal cord junction.
We conclude that few brainstem nuclei can directly affect the whole spinal cord, whereas many nuclei may have an impact on its most rostral regions; here we have found labelled spinal interneurons with long descending axons that reach the most caudal cord levels.
Thus the long ascending and descending myelinated fibre tracts of the adult spinal cord provide a permissive environment for the rapid growth of axons from embryonic donor neurons from a region not normally projecting to the spinal cord.
Spinal cord mechanisms are possibly involved.
Thus unmyelinated axons predominate in the white matter of the rat sacral spinal cord.
We find that the acceleration of the cell cycle is necessary and sufficient to drive the outgrowth of the regenerating spinal cord in axolotls.
These results suggest that alginate might provide a permissive microenvironment for elongation of spinal cord axons.
These results are in general agreement with observations on spinal cord of different animal species.

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