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It appears that potatoes contain Fe of moderate availability, possibly higher than most vegetables.
Potatoes should be considered vegetables that may have high antioxidant capacity depending on the flesh composition.
The effect of genistein may be mediated through estrogen-like action.
The results provide useful biological and nutritional information on potatoes.
These novel bioactivities identified in potatoes warrant in-depth investigations in the future.
The results indicated lower nitrate content and higher vitamin C and chlorogenic acid content to be the parameters most consistently differentiating organically from conventionally produced potatoes.
Our results indicate that organic cultivation of ‘early’ potatoes can deliver acceptable agronomic performances.
In conclusion, our results indicate that organic cultivation of ‘early’ potatoes can deliver acceptable agronomic and qualitative performances.

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How does the shelf life of a cosmetic cream at 45°C for 6 weeks compare to normal conditions?
5 answers
The shelf life of a cosmetic cream stored at 45°C for 6 weeks compared to normal conditions can vary based on the formulation and active ingredients. Research indicates that storage at extreme temperatures, like 45°C, can impact the stability of cosmetic products. Studies have shown that accelerated stability testing at elevated temperatures may not always accurately predict long-term stability. For instance, the stability of retinoids in cosmetics can significantly decline after 6 months at 25°C and even more at 40°C, with light degradation being more pronounced. Additionally, the chemical stability of formulations containing ascorbic acid derivatives can be affected by temperature, with some formulations showing better stability at lower temperatures. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct real-time stability studies to accurately assess the shelf life of cosmetic creams under different storage conditions.
How does intercropping sorghum with other crops affect soil nutrient cycling and fertility?
5 answers
Intercropping sorghum with other crops has varying effects on soil nutrient cycling and fertility. Research indicates that incorporating legumes into the farming system alongside sorghum can restore soil fertility and sustain the agro-ecosystem. Additionally, intercropping sorghum with ruzigrass does not influence sorghum nutrient accumulation, but it can reduce grain yield. Furthermore, intercropping waxy sorghum with soybean in specific row ratio configurations can significantly improve rhizosphere soil properties, enhancing soil quality and promoting sustainable waxy sorghum production. Intercropping sorghum with legumes like soybean, common bean, groundnut, or sesame, along with the application of phosphorus fertilizers and organic inputs, can lead to improved legume grain yields and soil fertility enhancement. These findings highlight the importance of strategic intercropping practices for optimizing soil nutrient cycling and fertility in sorghum-based cropping systems.
Is caffeic acid a phenolic acid?
4 answers
Yes, caffeic acid is indeed a phenolic acid. It is a bioactive compound belonging to the polyphenol group, specifically a hydroxycinnamic acid, commonly found in various plant-derived foods and beverages. Caffeic acid is recognized for its antioxidant properties and is associated with numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. It is widely distributed in plants and can exist in various forms, including as esters like chlorogenic acid. The extraction and purification of caffeic acid and its derivatives involve sophisticated techniques like high-speed countercurrent chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, caffeic acid's presence in plants and its diverse bioactivities make it a significant phenolic acid with promising metabolic and health-related applications.
What is rates of vermicompost recommendation for field crops ?
5 answers
The recommended rates of vermicompost for field crops vary depending on the specific crop and study. In fragrant rice production, a study suggests that the optimal vermicompost rate is 3.0 t ha−1, significantly increasing grain yield. For maize cultivation, a combination of 5 t ha-1 vermicompost and 50 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer showed a substantial increase in yield, outperforming sole applications. In soilless cultivation of water spinach, using 500g of solid vermicompost per polybag resulted in significantly higher plant growth and yield compared to control treatments. Similarly, for tef cultivation, the application of 4 t ha-1 vermicompost along with 150 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer was found to be profitable, yielding the highest marginal rate of return. These studies collectively suggest that vermicompost rates between 3.0 t ha−1 to 5 t ha-1, depending on the crop and specific conditions, can enhance crop productivity.
What are the proposed mechanisms by which (electromagnetic stimulation)EMS might influence plant growth?
5 answers
Electromagnetic Stimulation (EMS) influences plant growth through various mechanisms. Studies have shown that EMS can stimulate seed germination, enhance early root growth, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. The exposure to constant and alternating magnetic fields and electric fields has been observed to positively impact germination rates, emergence of plants, and photosynthetic parameters in soy plants. Additionally, EMS has been found to improve membrane integrity, amylase activity, H2O2 levels, photosynthetic pigments, and phytohormone content, ultimately influencing cellular activities and plant development. Furthermore, electromagnetic fields have shown a mitigating effect on various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, and pathogens, by activating plant defense mechanisms and reducing oxidative stress.
Which solvent is used to make mentha essential oils solution for antimicrobial activities?
5 answers
Hexane, ethyl acetate, and 95% ethanol are the solvents used to extract essential oils from Mentha species for antimicrobial activities. Mentha piperita extracts were obtained using solvent systems like distilled water and methanol. Mentha piperita var. citrata extracts were obtained using hexane, chloroform, and 70% aqueous methanol. Mentha longifolia L. essential oil was extracted using GC-Q-TOF MS analysis, with carvone and limonene as the main components, showing antibacterial activity against various pathogens. Additionally, Mentha piperita L. var peppermint oil was extracted using hexane as a solvent for antimicrobial experiments, demonstrating strong bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. These studies highlight the diverse solvents utilized for extracting Mentha essential oils to assess their antimicrobial properties.
What is the color of jackfruit reported in research studies from 2018 and above?
5 answers
The color of jackfruit reported in research studies from 2018 and above varies from yellow-orange to reddish discoloration of the pulp and rags of infected fruit due to bronzing disease caused by P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. Additionally, the exterior rind color of jackfruit can range from green to yellow-reddish yellow, showcasing significant variability in fruit characteristics. Moreover, the potential use of jackfruit leaf extract as a UV protector indicates its ability to inhibit the expression of MMP-1, reflecting its effectiveness in protecting against UV radiation. Overall, the color spectrum of jackfruit, as studied in recent research, encompasses a wide range from green to yellow-orange, highlighting the diversity in appearance and potential applications of this tropical fruit.
What is the phenotype of a katE deficient E coli mutant?
5 answers
A katE deficient E. coli mutant exhibits increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, as catalase is the primary defense against this oxidant. Additionally, the katE mutant strain of Ralstonia solanacearum showed differences in biofilm structure but not overall production, and no effect on virulence or growth in plant tissues, indicating a minor role in bacterial fitness in planta. In Escherichia coli, mutations in katE resulted in little to no catalase activity, with some mutants retaining peroxidase activity or exhibiting regulatory defects. Furthermore, catalase-deficient strains, including katE mutants, displayed altered genetic recombination rates and increased mutation rates under oxidative stress conditions, affecting DNA metabolism. Therefore, the phenotype of a katE deficient E. coli mutant includes heightened sensitivity to oxidative stress, altered biofilm characteristics, and potential impacts on genetic recombination and mutation rates.
How does Rhizopus oligosporus directly impact the proximate analysis for Tempeh?
5 answers
Rhizopus oligosporus significantly influences the proximate analysis of tempeh. Research indicates that tempeh produced from different legume sources, including soybean, chickpea, lentils, and beans, showed variations in physico-chemical features. Additionally, the addition of rice bran in tempeh processing altered its proximate characteristics, with the best sensory analysis observed in samples containing 20% rice bran. Moreover, the identification of Rhizopus strains in tempeh production revealed genetic diversity, with some strains identified as R. delemar and others as R. oryzae, impacting the fermentation process and final product characteristics. Furthermore, the fermentation of rumen content meal by R. oligosporus led to an increase in crude protein content, showcasing the mold's role in enhancing nutritional aspects.
What is a baobab fruit?
5 answers
A baobab fruit, derived from the Adansonia tree native to Africa, is a versatile resource with various applications. Rich in bioactive compounds like phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, baobab fruit offers antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It is particularly valued for its high content of vitamin C, minerals, and other health-promoting molecules. The fruit is utilized in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its phytochemical richness. Studies have shown that baobab pulp contains significant amounts of ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2, contributing to its antioxidant activity. In regions like Kenya, baobab fruit plays a crucial role in dietary diversification, food security, and income generation during emergencies.
How does Rhizopus oligosporus indirectly impact the proximate analysis for Tempeh?
4 answers
Rhizopus oligosporus indirectly impacts the proximate analysis of tempeh through its role in fermentation. Studies have shown that tempeh produced using different legumes like chickpeas, lentils, and beans with R. oligosporus had varying physico-chemical features, protein levels, and sensory evaluations. Additionally, the addition of 1% R. oligosporus during the fermentation process increased the crude protein content of rumen content meal, highlighting its impact on the nutritional composition of the final product. Furthermore, the use of R. oligosporus in tempeh production with the addition of rice bran, chitosan, and glucono delta-lactone influenced the sensory properties, protein, fat, and total phenolic content of the tempeh samples, showcasing the indirect impact of this fungus on the proximate analysis of tempeh.