scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 10 papers

More filters
Papers (10)Insight
It is proposed that sub-lethal levels of toxin weakened the prawns, causing reduced feeding behaviour and an impaired immune system.
These results suggest that NP may enhance the immune response of prawns, but the effect created by a high concentration of NP may damage prawns, and then increase the susceptibility to pathogen.
We can conclude that the abrupt change in the physicochemical properties of water can be considered as stress factors which suppress the immune status of the Indian prawns, so that bacterial pathogens were encountered.
Further, the findings indicated that hypoxia disturbed energy metabolism and induced antioxidant defense regulation in prawns.
As a result, prawns were prone to secondary infection by pathogenic bacteria.
These results indicated that the immune reactions of prawns were variable due to the different toxic effects of PAEs.
According to these results, we suggest that all eight PAEs examined could damage hemocytes and further influence the defense mechanism of prawns.
This indicates that carbaryl toxicity caused protein degradation in tissues of test prawns.
According to these results, we suggest that both chemicals examined could damage hemocytes and further influence the defense mechanism of prawns.
These results suggest that other physiological responses may also be affected to increase the susceptibility of prawns to pathogens.

Related Questions

What is the association between vitamin d and inflammation?5 answersVitamin D has been associated with inflammation in several studies. Older adults with deficient vitamin D status were found to have higher levels of inflammation, as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, and vitamin D supplementation has shown potential in regulating autoimmune and chronic inflammatory genes. In patients with cystic fibrosis, vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was prevalent and associated with greater oxidative stress when combined with inflammatory markers. Observational studies have demonstrated an inverse association between vitamin D status and the risk of infections and autoimmune disorders, while vitamin D supplementation may protect against these conditions. In healthy children, vitamin D deficiency was found to affect inflammatory markers derived from hemogram parameters. Overall, these findings suggest that vitamin D plays a role in modulating inflammation and that optimizing vitamin D status may have potential benefits in reducing inflammation-related diseases.
Inflammation?4 answersInflammation is a reaction of tissues to injury and is designed to eliminate the cause of damage and promote healing. It is also a first line of defense against infection. Inflammation involves dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability of vessel walls, and emigration of white blood cells to clear microbes and initiate immune responses. However, an inflammatory response can go awry, resulting in collateral damage to healthy tissues and exacerbation of disease. The anaemia of inflammation is a common cause of anaemia, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Dysregulation of the hepcidin axis is central to its pathophysiology, limiting iron absorption and mobilization for erythropoiesis. Iron supplementation, particularly intravenous iron, may have a role in managing the anaemia of inflammation.
Do multivitamins cause inflammation?10 answers
Does prawns cause inflammation?10 answers
Does vinegar cause inflammation?10 answers
Why do potatoes cause inflammation?10 answers

See what other people are reading

What is the issue behind the biologic products?
4 answers
The main issue behind biologic products lies in their complexity and the challenges associated with ensuring their safety, efficacy, and affordability. Biologics, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and gene therapies, are intricate molecules derived from living organisms, making their development and regulation more intricate than traditional pharmaceuticals. The introduction of biosimilars, which are highly similar but not identical to the original biologics, raises concerns regarding their comparability, interchangeability, and safety. Additionally, the economic implications of biosimilars, offering potential cost savings and increased patient access, are a significant consideration. Regulatory frameworks, such as the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act, aim to address these issues by ensuring rigorous evaluation and approval processes for biologics and biosimilars.
What are the protective effects of Curcumin Longa towards pancreatic cancer?
5 answers
Curcumin, derived from *Curcuma longa*, exhibits significant protective effects against pancreatic cancer through various mechanisms. Research has shown that synthetic analogs of curcumin, such as EF24, demonstrate superior anticancer activities by inducing apoptosis and suppressing phospho-STAT3 levels, offering promising clues for developing efficient treatments for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties are highlighted by its ability to inhibit the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting the JNK pathway, which is abnormally activated in these cells. Curcumin also impacts the cellular environment by regulating Beclin1 expression and inhibiting the HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic pathway, thereby affecting cell proliferation under hypoxic conditions. The combination of curcumin with other compounds, such as 10058-F4, has been shown to enhance its anticancer actions, significantly affecting apoptosis and cell growth in pancreatic cancer models. Despite its potential, the low bioavailability of curcumin poses a challenge, which has been addressed through the synthesis of novel analogs and nano-formulations to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. The broad spectrum of curcumin's anticancer mechanisms includes inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing invasion and migration, promoting apoptosis, and reducing inflammation, among others. Its anticancer activity is further supported by its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation across various tumor types, as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, turmeric-derived polysaccharides have shown immune-enhancing effects, contributing to the anti-metastatic activities of curcumin. Despite the need for further clinical trials to establish effective doses, curcumin's diverse pharmacological properties underscore its potential as a therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer.
When phthalate esters were banned or restricted by China, EU, and America?
5 answers
China, the EU, and the USA have implemented varying restrictions on phthalate esters. In the EU, bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) are not allowed in toys and childcare articles above 0.1% by weight. China restricts DBP, BBP, DEHP, Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in plastic toys to 0.1% of the material composition and prohibits DEHP, BBP, and DBP in cosmetics. In the USA, there is no formal prohibition on phthalates in cosmetics, but they are mostly limited in Food Contact Materials (FCM). The EU has also banned the use of BBP in cosmetics. These regulations highlight the discrepancies in international legislation regarding phthalate esters.
Why twitter is bad?
4 answers
Twitter can be detrimental due to various reasons highlighted in the provided contexts. Firstly, the platform is susceptible to profile name squatting, allowing attackers to hijack popular accounts for impersonation and malicious content dissemination. Additionally, Twitter has become a breeding ground for toxic behavior, with toxic conversations being longer and attracting fewer users, but still garnering more engagement, potentially leading to a cycle of hate. Furthermore, the misuse of hashtags on Twitter can lead to the distortion of original meanings, with hashtags evolving from positive to negative connotations over time, reflecting the platform's rapid and strong communication style, often used for expressing dissatisfaction. These factors collectively contribute to the negative impact of Twitter as a social networking platform.
What are the body's marco nutrients?
4 answers
The body's macronutrients, essential for maintaining body functions and structural integrity, include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. These macronutrients play crucial roles in supporting the immune system and overall health, especially in combating diseases like COVID-19. Additionally, minerals are vital nutrients, with macrominerals and microminerals contributing to about 5% of body weight, particularly calcium, phosphorus, and other trace elements. Proper balance and intake of these macronutrients and minerals are essential for optimal health, immunity, and disease prevention, making them key components of a well-rounded and nutritious diet to support overall well-being and combat infections effectively.
What kind of the probiotics can detoxify toxins like nanoparticles, plasticizer, endogenouse?
5 answers
Probiotics, such as Bacillus megaterium MIT411 (Renuspore®), Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Bacillus, have shown promise in detoxifying various toxins like nanoparticles, plasticizers, and endogenous substances. These probiotics have been found to possess detoxification capabilities against heavy metals like mercury, lead, aluminum, cadmium, and arsenic. Additionally, probiotic microorganisms like Lactobacillus reuteri have demonstrated the ability to mitigate the toxic effects of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, such as CuO, ZnO, CdO, and Ag, by reducing growth rates, inducing oxidative damage, and causing morphological changes in the cells. The detoxification properties of probiotics make them valuable in combating a wide range of toxins, highlighting their potential in promoting overall health and well-being.
How to extract DEHP from beverages?
5 answers
DEHP extraction from beverages can be achieved through various methods outlined in the research papers. One method involves using a two-step process with hexane extraction followed by HPLC separation. Another effective approach is the utilization of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique with COF materials, showing high recovery rates and reusability for DEHP extraction. Additionally, ultrasound–vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME) coupled with gas chromatographic analysis has been proven successful for DEHP extraction from hot beverages, ensuring precision and reproducibility. Furthermore, a microdispersive solid-phase extraction method utilizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been developed for DEHP extraction from tap water and various beverages, demonstrating high recovery rates and low limits of quantification. These methods provide efficient ways to extract DEHP from beverages for further analysis and monitoring.
What is the tolerable concentration of TiO2 NPs presence in crops that is safe for human consumption?
5 answers
The tolerable concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in crops for human consumption is a critical consideration due to potential health risks. Research indicates that TiO2 NPs can impact plant growth, alter nutrient acquisition, and induce oxidative stress at concentrations as low as 0-5 µg ml−1. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs can accumulate in plant tissues, affecting essential oil constituents and potentially impacting human health. Studies also highlight the potential toxicity of TiO2 NPs in biosolids used in agriculture, with concentrations of 800 mg/kg showing damages to plant cells and limited transfer to shoots. The presence of TiO2 NPs in crops raises concerns about their safety for human consumption, emphasizing the need for further research to define safe exposure levels and regulations to mitigate potential risks.
What are the effects of e-cigarette to respiratory health?
5 answers
E-cigarette use has been associated with various respiratory health effects. Studies have shown that exposure to e-cigarettes can lead to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage in the respiratory system. Additionally, e-cigarette vapor contains reactive oxygen species, which can increase cellular oxidation and lower antioxidant power, potentially contributing to chronic respiratory diseases like COPD and asthma. While e-cigarette aerosol is considered less harmful to the respiratory system compared to cigarette smoke in animal models, it still results in decreased lung function, increased inflammation markers, and pathological changes in the airways and lungs. Furthermore, e-cigarette exposure has been linked to impaired innate immune function in the lungs, affecting mucus composition, epithelial barrier function, phagocytosis, and systemic inflammation, potentially increasing the risk of lower respiratory tract infections.
How the body reacts in imminology in the case of an immune deficiency?
5 answers
In cases of immune deficiency, the body's ability to fight infections is compromised due to genetic defects affecting the immune system's components. Primary immune deficiencies stem from genetic defects directly impacting immune pathways, while secondary immune deficiencies result from other factors like infections or toxins. These deficiencies lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. In conditions like common variable immune deficiency disorders, genetic defects disrupt B cell development and activation, impairing immune function and promoting autoimmunity. Immune deficiencies are not age-related but rather a progressive process where cellular immunity is gradually replaced by antibody response, reflecting the body's adaptation rather than deterioration. Identifying and addressing the underlying causes of immune deficiencies is crucial for effective treatment.
What are the doses of PBS IP for control group in mice antiinflammatory activity?
4 answers
The doses of PBS (4-Phenyl-3-butenoic acid) administered intraperitoneally (IP) for the control group in mice anti-inflammatory activity were not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, the studies discussed the effects of 4-Phenyl-3-butenoic acid (PBA) on inflammation and pain in rats and mice, showcasing its inhibitory properties on serum PAM activity and its correlation with anti-inflammatory responses. Additionally, other studies focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of different compounds like sodium valproate and 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea in rats, demonstrating their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. While the specific doses of PBS for the control group were not detailed, the research highlighted the anti-inflammatory potential of various compounds in different experimental settings.