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Does psilocybin grow new neurons?

Alkaline phosphatase

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Journal Article•DOI Dephosphorylation of psilocybin in the intact mouse. A. Horita, L.J. Weber - Show less +1 more 01 Nov 1962-Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 35 Citations	Evidence is also presented that the central nervous system effects of psilocybin are exerted only after its transformation to the 4-hydroxy analog, psilocin.
Journal Article•DOI Transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin. Oskar Hougaard Jefsen, Betina Elfving, Gregers Wegener, Heidi Kaastrup Müller - Show less +3 more 01 Apr 2021-Journal of Psychopharmacology 37 Citations	Our findings provide further evidence for the rapid plasticity-promoting effects of psilocybin.
Journal Article•DOI The enzymic dephosphorylation and oxidation of psilocybin and pscilocin by mammalian tissue homogenates Akira Horita, Lavern J. Weber - Show less +1 more 01 Jul 1961-Biochemical Pharmacology 69 Citations	These experiments indicate that possibly in the intact animal psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated and is pharmacologically active as psilocin, while the duration of the effect might be controlled by the oxidation of the latter compound to an o-quinone type of structure.
Journal Article•DOI Dephosphorylation of psilocybin in the intact mouse. A. Horita, L.J. Weber - Show less +1 more 01 Nov 1962-Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 35 Citations	The results of this study demonstrate the rapid dephosphorylation of psilocybin by the intact mouse.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality: Peter S. Hendricks, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths - Show less +2 more 01 Sep 2015-Journal of Psychopharmacology 57 Citations	The present data do not provide support for this concern and are consistent with recently renewed clinical research suggesting possible therapeutic applications of psilocybin.

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The citation for the question can be found in the abstract by Alfonso Iorio et al, which discusses the lack of randomized controlled trial (RCT)-based evidence in the field of haemophilia treatment, particularly regarding prophylactic clotting factor concentrates. The authors highlight the limited number of trials and patients studied, emphasizing the need for well-designed RCTs to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic clotting factor concentrates in hemophilia patients. This paper prompts a debate on the necessity and ethics of conducting RCTs in the haemophilia field, drawing parallels to a popular BMJ paper on the lack of evidence for parachutes when jumping from airplanes.Is assisted therapy with psychedelic efficace?

Assisted therapy with psychedelics has shown promising efficacy in treating various mental health conditions. Studies have demonstrated positive outcomes in managing treatment-resistant cases, personality disorders, PTSD, major depression, and substance use disorders. Psychedelic agents like psilocybin, ayahuasca, LSD, and MDMA have been found to produce rapid and enduring improvements in anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms, with multiple dosing sessions showing greater efficacy. Additionally, psilocybin-assisted therapy has shown benefits in reducing heavy drinking days and promoting smoking abstinence in patients with substance use disorders. The use of psychedelic substances presents a novel approach that may offer significant advantages in the treatment of mental health conditions, warranting further research and exploration in this field.Is assisted therapy with psilocybin efficace?

Assisted therapy with psilocybin has shown promising efficacy in treating various mental health conditions. Studies have demonstrated that psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) can be effective in managing treatment-resistant depression, especially in cases of difficult-to-treat depression and depression in cancer patients. The use of psilocybin coupled with group therapy has shown significant improvements in depressive symptoms, with high response and remission rates observed. Additionally, PAP has been found to be cost-effective compared to conventional medication and cognitive behavioral therapy for severe depression, further supporting its efficacy. Combining psilocybin with psychological support has shown long-term effectiveness in reducing depression and anxiety severity, indicating its potential as a valuable therapeutic option.How do NSC-EVs know where to travel to the site of neural injury?

Neural stem cells (NSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) possess the ability to migrate towards sites of neural injury through various mechanisms. NSCs exhibit directed migration in response to electric fields (EFs), while NSC-EVs can be guided by chemotaxis towards tumor sites. The inflammatory response in injured areas, characterized by factors like SDF-1α, plays a crucial role in attracting NSCs towards the site of injury. Additionally, the presence of specific receptors like CXCR4 on NSCs enables them to respond to chemotactic signals and migrate towards areas expressing these signals. Understanding these mechanisms of migration and homing of NSCs and NSC-EVs to sites of neural injury is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies for CNS repair and brain tumor treatment.Does silocyban help depression?

Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, has shown promising results in alleviating depression. Studies have demonstrated that psilocybin, when administered in conjunction with therapy, led to significant improvements in depressive symptoms in cancer patients over extended periods, with high response rates and remission levels. On the other hand, Silexan, derived from Lavandula angustifolia, has exhibited anxiolytic effects and has also shown efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders. Both psilocybin and Silexan have been found to have antidepressant properties, with psilocybin showing effectiveness in cancer patients and Silexan demonstrating benefits in individuals with anxiety disorders. Further research is needed to explore the full potential and mechanisms of action of these compounds in treating depression.What is Aquaporins and functional?

Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins that regulate water flow across cell membranes. They are crucial for various physiological functions, including hydration, wound healing, immune responses, and cell volume regulation. AQPs also facilitate the transport of small molecules like glycerol, urea, gases, ions, and other substances across membranes. In the central nervous system, AQPs play a vital role in water flux between different compartments and are implicated in brain disorders like cerebral edema. Additionally, AQPs are involved in skin hydration, barrier function, and protection against environmental stresses in the skin. The diverse functions of AQPs highlight their significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and contributing to various physiological processes in different organs and tissues.What is the role of obstetric ultrasound in detecting and managing fetal anomalies?

Obstetric ultrasound plays a crucial role in detecting and managing fetal anomalies by enabling early diagnosis and informed decision-making. High-resolution ultrasound scans, especially in the second trimester, have shown good detection rates for anomalies, aiding in reducing perinatal and maternal morbidity. Early detection allows for timely medical terminations, planning deliveries in well-equipped centers, and providing in utero therapy when necessary. The use of both first and second trimester ultrasound scans enhances anomaly detection, particularly for major congenital abnormalities associated with chromosomal and genetic issues. Early diagnosis through screening programs, especially in high-risk populations, leads to better outcomes, clinical decision-making on delivery modes, and management of pregnancies with lethal anomalies.Why dopant elements are used in the production of bioglass?

Dopant elements are used in the production of bioglass to enhance its properties and functionality for medical applications, addressing specific clinical needs. The incorporation of dopant elements into bioglass compositions is a strategic approach to improve their performance in biological environments, aiming to optimize their interaction with biological tissues and to introduce additional beneficial properties. One of the primary reasons for doping bioglass is to improve its bioactivity and to tailor its interaction with body fluids, thereby enhancing its ability to bond with bone and other tissues. For instance, the addition of elements like zinc and magnesium has been shown to not only add antibacterial function but also to increase positive effects on bone metabolism, which is crucial for applications in orthodontic implants and bone repair. Similarly, the doping of calcium into bioactive glass nanoparticles has been demonstrated to achieve better bioactivity, which is essential for bone repairs. Moreover, dopant elements are used to introduce specific therapeutic properties. For example, strontium and cobalt ions have been doped into bioglass to produce polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering, showing promising results in terms of cell viability and bone tissue engineering applications. Additionally, titanium ions have been added to improve mechanical strength, antibacterial ability, and stability of bioactive glass, further optimizing it for medical use. Dopant elements also play a significant role in enhancing the structural and mechanical properties of bioglass. For instance, the doping with zirconium(IV) and tantalum(V) oxides has been found to alter the physical and chemical properties of Bioglass 45S5, making it more suitable for restoring bone tissue and treating malignant neoplasms. Furthermore, the use of Eu3+ ions as a spectroscopic probe has enabled the measurement of changes in glass structure, leading to the development of bioactive glass-ceramics with increased mechanical properties. In summary, dopant elements are crucial in the production of bioglass as they enhance bioactivity, introduce therapeutic properties, and improve structural and mechanical characteristics, making bioglass more effective for a wide range of medical applications.What are the common illicit drugs that contribute to the development of psychosis?

Illicit drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, hallucinogens (including psychedelics), and cocaine are commonly associated with the development of psychosis. Cannabis has been highlighted in multiple studies for its link to psychosis proneness, especially in individuals with a vulnerability to psychosis. Amphetamines, hallucinogens, and cannabis show heightened risks of transitioning to schizophrenia, with cannabis having the highest transition rate at 34%. Additionally, cocaine, when snorted or smoked, has also been linked to psychosis development. These substances can trigger psychotic symptoms or episodes in susceptible individuals, emphasizing the importance of assessing potential risk factors before therapeutic use and monitoring for emerging symptoms of psychosis.What are the key factors that influence human cognitive and emotional development throughout life?

Human cognitive and emotional development throughout life is influenced by a multitude of factors. Immune cells in the central nervous system play a crucial role in normal neurodevelopment, with disruptions linked to neurodevelopmental diseases. Mental factors like imagery and thoughts are essential links between cognition and emotion, with the mind processing psychological factors into simple images that influence emotions. Fetal exposure to early life influences such as maternal anxiety and stress can have long-lasting effects on cognition and behavior in offspring. Emotion development is intertwined with cognitive processes, emphasizing self-regulation and the interaction between cognition and emotion. Factors across the life course, including genetic influences, nurturing, schooling, work, and lifestyle, jointly influence cognitive and emotional development, supporting self-regulation and quality of life throughout life.What are the scaffolds fabricated using 58S bioglass by electrospinning?

Scaffolds fabricated using 58S bioglass by electrospinning have been developed for various applications in tissue engineering, demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of this material in promoting tissue regeneration. The scaffolds composed of polylactic acid (PLA) fibers associated with 58S bioglass doped with therapeutic ions like strontium and cobalt have shown promising results in bone tissue engineering, supporting cell viability and osteoblastic differentiation without cytotoxicity. Similarly, the incorporation of bioactive glass (BG) into electrospun biopolymer fibers has been identified as a promising strategy to enhance the biological performance of fibrous scaffolds for both hard and soft tissue regeneration, including bone and wound healing applications. Further advancements include the synthesis of fine polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers combined with 58S bioglass doped with therapeutic ions such as magnesium and lithium, which have demonstrated the ability to support cell viability and induce mineralization nodules, making them suitable for guided bone regeneration. In the realm of skin tissue engineering, chitosan/gelatin scaffolds incorporating 58S bioglass nanoparticles have been fabricated, showing excellent biocompatibility and potential to accelerate wound healing due to their high porosity and surface/volume ratio. Research has also explored the development of alginate-based composites with strontium-containing bioactive glass (Sr-BGs), which are osteocompatible, bioactive, and degradable, offering a conducive environment for bone regeneration. A bilayer scaffold approach using PCL and gelatin with a bioactive glass nanofibrous layer has demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility, suggesting its utility in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite scaffolds containing BG nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated, indicating the broad applicability of 58S bioglass in tissue engineering scaffolds. Innovative approaches have also been taken to produce composite electrospun fibers containing bioactive glass nanoparticles for both hard and soft tissue engineering, showing biocompatibility and bioactivity. The use of boron-containing bioactive glass in combination with 3D printing technology has led to the construction of osteoinductive implant scaffolds for mandible reconstruction, highlighting the potential of 58S bioglass in complex tissue engineering applications. Lastly, the combination of 3D printing with electrospinning has been employed to manufacture multi-layered scaffolds with bioactive glasses, demonstrating engineered degradation rates and mechanical robustness suitable for tendon and ligament tissue engineering.