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Does stress and trauma affect gene expression? 

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Thus, a complex pattern of gene expression leading to stress/depression is starting to emerge.
The stress hormone-induced alterations in gene expression described here may be relevant for both adaptive and pathological responses to stress.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Giuseppe Biamonti, Javier F. Cáceres 
200 Citations
This could be important to modulate gene expression during recovery from stress.
Finally, we find that modification of metabolic gene expression correlates with enhanced survival during stress.
While gene expression was significantly and highly elevated during transit, the effect of differing caging densities on gene expression was minimal; collectively, this might indicate that expression of pro‐inflammatory genes is more responsive to acute stress than to chronic stressors.
These results reveal sex differences in inescapable stress-induced gene expression that may have implications for differences in vulnerability to stress-related disorders.
We suggest that these persistent changes in stress gene expression may represent an effective physiological mechanism for coping with stress.
These and previous data suggest that chronic stress might be a key regulator of NUDR/Freud-1 gene expression.
Changes in gene expression are associated with switching to an autoprotected phenotype in response to environmental and physiological stress.
The results indicate significant contribution of genetic background to differences in stress response gene expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex.

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Is there a link between addiction and trauma?5 answersThere is a link between addiction and trauma. Research has shown that childhood trauma is associated with increased risk for addiction in adulthood, including exercise addiction, gambling disorder, and drug abuse. Childhood trauma can promote addictive behaviors as a coping mechanism for the emotional impact of the trauma. Additionally, trauma and addiction often coexist in patients presenting with severe physical injuries, highlighting the need for recognition and management of drug and alcohol-related comorbidities in the acute setting. Furthermore, trauma can lead to an increase in mental and substance use disorders, as evidenced by the high prevalence of trauma history among adolescents receiving treatment for substance abuse. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing trauma in the context of addiction and providing appropriate resources and interventions for individuals who have experienced trauma.
Does stress lead to PTSD?5 answersStress can lead to the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Exposure to severe, life-threatening stressors such as combat, rape, and natural disasters can result in symptoms of PTSD, including intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and difficulty sleeping. Trauma and stressor exposure are recognized as risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders and PTSD. The mechanisms through which stressor exposure leads to these disorders are not well characterized, but disruptions in glutamate synaptic connectivity are believed to play a role. Traumatic stress encountered throughout life, including prior to military service, can increase the risk of developing PTSD. Traumatic stress over one's lifetime is a predictor of probable PTSD, as much as traumatic stress encountered during war. PTSD also impacts memory systems, including recurring intrusive memories, memory gaps, and impaired fear extinction and recall.
How gene expression is altered by stress?5 answersGene expression is altered by stress through various mechanisms. Stress can induce changes in DNA methylation, which is an epigenetic process that influences gene expression. Gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) are involved in transcriptional regulation, inducing or repressing gene expression in response to stress. Chronic stress can upregulate the expression of certain genes, such as transthyretin (Ttr), which is associated with the development of depression-like behavior. Stress also affects gene expression in the heart, with beta adrenoceptors (β-AR) playing a role in this process. Repeated stress exposure can lead to alterations in gene expression in specific neuronal pathways, such as the lateral habenula (LHb), potentially through changes in phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling. Overall, stress can have profound effects on gene expression, influencing various biological processes and contributing to the development of stress-related disorders.
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