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Insulin resistance may play an important role in the development of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which can further aggravate insulin resistance.
In turn, this can contribute to insulin resistance (IR) and heart diseases.
Vanadate also causes a decrease in plasma insulin level, along with normalization of plasma glucose, which suggests a partial reversal of insulin resistance.
Although insulin resistance also improves, this effect appears transient.
The insulin resistance syndrome together with hyperinsulinemia is likely to induce atherosclerotic changes, possibly through reduced rather than excessive action of insulin.
In summary, hyperinsulinemia is often both a result and a driver of insulin resistance.
High levels of free triiodothyronine are associated with insulin resistance.
These results suggest potential mechanisms for insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance appears to mediate this association.
This may provide one mechanism linking insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.

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Is anaerobic training damaging to the metabolism?
5 answers
Anaerobic training is not inherently damaging to metabolism; it plays a crucial role in supplementing ATP production during high-intensity activities when aerobic pathways alone cannot meet the demand. While aerobic exercise is known to have various metabolic benefits, anaerobic metabolism, including phosphocreatine and anaerobic glycolysis, provides rapid energy production during intense exercise. However, prolonged reliance on anaerobic pathways can lead to substrate depletion and muscle acidosis, limiting its sustainability for longer durations. Incorporating both aerobic and anaerobic training in a balanced manner can optimize energy provision and metabolic adaptations, enhancing overall performance and metabolic health. Therefore, when appropriately integrated into a training regimen, anaerobic exercise is not damaging but rather essential for meeting the energy demands of high-intensity activities.
What is physical development for children?
4 answers
Physical development for children encompasses the growth and changes in their bodies, including aspects like body shape, size, muscle control, coordination, and motor skills acquisition. It involves the gradual changes in body structures and functions during different stages of childhood, such as increasing body length, weight, and chest volume. Physical development also plays a crucial role in enhancing children's health, strength, and ability to defend themselves against diseases, emphasizing the importance of physical education in preschool settings. Understanding children's physical development is essential for educators to support the holistic development of children, promote fundamental movement skills, and encourage physical literacy, which are vital for their overall well-being and future learning.
What are the short-term effects of insulin on patients with type 2 diabetes?
4 answers
Short-term effects of insulin on patients with type 2 diabetes include various benefits. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has shown effectiveness in controlling blood glucose levels and shortening hospitalization time for perioperative type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Intensive insulin therapy normalizes blood glucose levels, increases testosterone levels, and enhances the conversion from dehydroepiandrosterone to testosterone in men with newly diagnosed T2DM. Short-term intensive insulin therapy using CSII can lead to changes in inflammatory cytokines in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Additionally, short-term insulin pump therapy has been found to improve pathological changes in lower limbs and reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in T2DM patients with lower extremity arterial disease. However, while initial induction intensive insulin therapy improves metabolic parameters, subsequent repeat courses do not further enhance the effect of metformin maintenance therapy on beta-cell function in T2DM patients.
How does obesity contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes?
5 answers
Obesity significantly contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through various mechanisms. Excessive adipose tissue accumulation leads to insulin resistance, dysfunctional autophagy, and dysregulation of immunometabolism, accelerating the loss of functional beta cells and elevating blood glucose levels. Central obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is closely associated with type 2 diabetes due to alterations in the metabolic milieu, including insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Epigenetic modifications transmitted from maternal obesity and type 2 diabetes can impact fetal development and offspring health, potentially increasing the risk of diabetes. Maintaining normal weight from early adulthood is crucial to prevent future metabolic disturbances and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Controlling or eradicating obesity-related factors can alleviate, postpone, or even reverse diabetes by improving beta-cell function and glucose regulation.
How does a vegan or plant-based diet affect the prevention of heart disease study?
5 answers
A vegan or plant-based diet plays a significant role in preventing heart disease by positively impacting various risk factors. Studies have shown that adherence to a plant-based diet is inversely related to heart failure risk, alters lipid profiles, reduces body mass index (BMI), and increases plasma antioxidant concentrations. Furthermore, plant-based diets have been associated with reduced levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B, which are crucial factors in cardiovascular health. These diets also provide essential nutrients, fiber, and phytonutrients that help alleviate inflammation in the body, contributing to overall heart health. Overall, the evidence suggests that plant-based diets offer a promising approach to preventing heart disease and improving cardiovascular outcomes.
How does vitamin D deficiency contribute to the development and progression of diabetes?
5 answers
Vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the development and progression of diabetes by impacting various aspects of the disease. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with glycaemic control issues and the development of diabetes complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and retinopathy. In diabetic patients, vitamin D deficiency can lead to rapid progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to its contribution to diabetic nephropathy and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) processes. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to an increased likelihood of diabetic retinopathy, with lower vitamin D levels correlating with a higher risk of proliferative retinopathy in type II diabetic patients. Therefore, addressing and correcting vitamin D deficiency may be crucial in managing and potentially preventing the complications associated with diabetes.
What metabolites show changes with age?
5 answers
Metabolites exhibit significant changes with age across various studies. In the brain, metabolites like total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) increase with age, while total choline (tCho) decreases. Salivary metabolomics studies show alterations in amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle, and fatty acid synthesis with aging, impacting potential biomarkers for diseases like Alzheimer's. Metabolite profiling in plasma reveals age-related increases in fatty acid-derived acylcarnitines and changes in essential amino acids. In the brain, lipid metabolites undergo profound changes between neonatal and adult stages, with some reaching 1000-fold differences, while neurotransmitters like adenosine and GABA show age-dependent variations. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of metabolites across different age groups, reflecting the intricate interplay between metabolism, aging, and disease susceptibility.
How does machine learning contribute to the development of personalized treatment plans for diabetic patients?
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Machine learning plays a crucial role in developing personalized treatment plans for diabetic patients by predicting the risk of diabetes, analyzing blood glucose levels accurately, and aiding in drug treatment strategies. Machine learning algorithms can identify high-risk individuals based on various factors like family history, age, and lifestyle, enabling tailored healthcare interventions. By analyzing input data and calculating blood glucose levels, machine learning systems can recommend appropriate control methods and medications, streamlining the treatment process for patients. Additionally, machine learning supports decision-making in drug treatment strategies for diabetes care, especially in selecting therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus, enhancing personalized treatment plans. Integrating supervised and unsupervised learning techniques can provide real-time forecasts and track disease progression, ultimately improving diabetes management.
What disease risks are associated with an unbalanced diet and lack of exercise?
5 answers
An unbalanced diet and lack of exercise are linked to various disease risks. Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are significantly influenced by dietary habits and physical inactivity. Studies show that unhealthy eating behaviors contribute to morbidity and mortality from socially significant diseases, with a focus on cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Research emphasizes that a diet rich in carbohydrates and saturated fats can lead to the development of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular complications. Additionally, insufficient physical activity, coupled with an unhealthy diet, increases the risk of degenerative diseases, highlighting the importance of regular exercise in disease prevention.
What is the ostochondral fragment OCD in the horse?
4 answers
Osteochondral fragmentation in horses, specifically related to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), involves the presence of osseous fragments within the joints, leading to degenerative cartilage disease. This condition can cause lameness and is challenging to manage conservatively, often requiring advanced imaging techniques for diagnosis. OCD is a significant concern in horse breeding due to its impact on animal welfare and economic aspects, with genetic selection strategies being explored to reduce its prevalence. Studies have investigated hormonal and biochemical profiles in horses with OCD, revealing potential links to insulin resistance and altered metabolic parameters. The disease is associated with disturbed bone formation, leading to loose bone fragments in the joints, and can be heritable, emphasizing the importance of selective breeding to mitigate its occurrence. Understanding the pathophysiology of OCD is crucial for developing innovative treatment approaches, such as stem cell therapy, to address this debilitating condition in horses.
What inhibits kinases?
4 answers
Kinase inhibitors are compounds that hinder the activity of kinases. These inhibitors are crucial in targeted therapy for various diseases, especially cancer, by disrupting signal transduction pathways and leading to cell death. Small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have shown promise in regulating blood glucose levels and reducing insulin dependence in diabetic patients. In the context of COVID-19, kinase inhibitors have been explored for their potential in managing severe symptoms like cytokine suppression and inflammation. The development of kinase inhibitors has been a significant focus in pharmaceutical research, with numerous FDA-approved agents targeting different protein kinases for cancer treatment. Overall, kinase inhibitors play a vital role in therapeutic interventions by targeting specific kinases involved in various diseases and cellular processes.