scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 10 papers

More filters
Papers (10)Insight
The results using flutamide, finasteride, cycloheximide, and actinomycin D indicate that androgen-induced potentiation is dependent on androgen receptors, requires reduction of testosterone to DHT, and occurs independently of transcriptional and translational events.
In all four brain areas binding of T to androgen receptors was significantly decreased in the presence of ATD, suggesting that ATD may act both as an androgen receptor blocker and as an aromatization inhibitor.
Potential atheroprotective effects of testosterone could be secondary to (aromatase-mediated) conversion into oestradiol or, alternatively, to direct activation of androgen receptors (AR).
The comparable responses to testosterone and the non-aromatizable androgen DHT, coupled with the lack of response to estradiol, suggest that testosterone acts directly on hippocampal androgen receptors rather than indirectly via local estrogen biosynthesis.
Androgen receptors in axons located in the cerebral cortex and amygdala and originating in the hippocampus may play an important role in the rapid behavioral effects of androgens.
Thus, an alternative explanation for the inhibitory effects of ATD on male sexual behavior is that ATD prevents T from binding to androgen receptors.
High concentration of androgen receptors in fundamental centers of learning and memory in brain such as hippocampus shows that there may be some relationships between androgen receptors and cognitive aspects of brain.
The results suggest that androgen, not estrogen, regulates the differentiation of MPOA opiate receptors.
Furthermore, androgen self-administration may be mediated by plasma membrane receptors.
The subcutaneous injection of AAS compounds increased the concentrations of occupied nuclear androgen receptors in the brain, but the magnitude of effect was not related to their potency for inducing aromatase or their relative binding affinity for the androgen receptor suggesting that androgen receptor occupancy in POA is not correlated with the action of androgen on aromatase.

Related Questions

Is there research on the effects of psychedelics on androgen levels?5 answersResearch has been conducted on the effects of psychedelics on androgen levels. A study by Herrmann and Beach found evidence that androgens have psychotropic properties similar to well-known psychotropic substances, based on clinical observations and experimental work. Another study by Kaiser et al. investigated the effects of mesterolone, an androgen, on psychovegetative symptomatology in aging males. They observed therapeutic changes under mesterolone application, which can be regarded as psychotropic effects. Additionally, a computational molecular dynamic simulation study by Mobisson et al. examined the impact of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the human androgen receptor (AR). The results suggested that THC and CBD have binding affinity to the AR, indicating a potential inhibition of reproductive function. While there is limited research specifically on psychedelics and androgen levels, these studies provide insights into the psychotropic effects of androgens and their potential impact on reproductive function.
Does smoking marijuana have any effect on muscle hypertrophy?5 answersSmoking marijuana does not have any direct effect on muscle hypertrophy. There is no specific mention of marijuana in the abstracts provided. However, one abstract discusses the effect of smoking on skeletal muscle protein metabolism, stating that smoking depresses the rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Another abstract analyzes the adaptations of skeletal musculature to the interaction between physical activity and cigarette smoke exposure, but does not mention marijuana. Therefore, based on the information available, there is no evidence to suggest that smoking marijuana has any direct impact on muscle hypertrophy.
Can cannabinoid receptors heal?10 answers
Can you test for androgen receptors?10 answers
How do you heal cannabinoid receptors?10 answers
How do you stimulate cannabinoid receptors?10 answers

See what other people are reading

How does testosterone affect anaerobic performance in athletes?
5 answers
Testosterone plays a crucial role in anaerobic performance among athletes. Studies have shown that testosterone levels significantly impact exercise performance, with higher levels correlating with better fitness outcomes. Testosterone administration has been linked to increased muscle size, strength, and power, contributing to enhanced anaerobic performance. While androgens like testosterone do not directly improve whole-body endurance measures, they do enhance skeletal muscle mass and strength through androgen receptor signaling pathways. Additionally, the interplay between testosterone and exercise has been found to have additive effects on muscle size and strength, further highlighting the significance of testosterone in optimizing anaerobic performance. Therefore, maintaining optimal testosterone levels is essential for athletes aiming to excel in anaerobic activities.
What are the target receptor for radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer?
5 answers
The target receptors for radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer involve the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, specifically kallikrein-related peptidase-2 (hK2). In breast cancer models, D-Norgestrel and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were found to activate the AR pathway, leading to the expression of hK2, a key component in this targeted therapy. The radiotherapy platform hu11B6, labeled with Actinium-225, was utilized to specifically treat AR-expressing breast cancer xenografts under hormone stimulation, demonstrating effective tumor control. This research highlights the potential of harnessing AR activity in breast cancer through hK2-targeted radiotherapy, offering a promising approach for targeted treatment in breast cancer patients.
What sport best increases testosterone levels?
5 answers
Strength training (ST) has been shown to stimulate greater increases in testosterone levels compared to aerobic training. Additionally, high-intensity physical training, such as wrestling for dominance in cichlid fish, induces an androgen surge in male spectators. Studies have demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise, like cycling, significantly increases both free and total testosterone levels in untrained males. Furthermore, judo competition has been linked to increased testosterone levels, especially in successful competitors, suggesting that personal experience of success can influence hormonal responses during contests. Overall, activities involving high-intensity and anaerobic glycolytic pathways, such as strength training and competitive sports like judo, appear to be particularly effective in boosting testosterone levels.
Are sex differences in aggression mediated by levels of testosterone?
5 answers
Sex differences in aggression are indeed influenced by testosterone levels. Testosterone plays a crucial role in shaping aggressive behavior, with higher levels often associated with increased aggression in both males and females across various species. However, the relationship between testosterone and aggression is complex and bidirectional, as testosterone can influence aggression and vice versa. Studies have shown that testosterone can impact aggression through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, affecting neural pathways and neurotransmitter levels linked to aggressive behavior. Moreover, factors like prenatal testosterone levels and cortisol levels can also mediate sex differences in aggression, especially during adolescence. Overall, testosterone is a significant factor in understanding sex-specific patterns of aggression, but it is just one of many factors that influence aggressive behavior.
What does the luteinising hormone do for ovulation?
4 answers
The luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a crucial role in ovulation by inducing a series of events within the ovarian follicle. Firstly, LH stimulates the ingression of LH receptor-expressing granulosa cells within the mural granulosa layer, contributing to structural changes that enable ovulation. Additionally, LH directly activates ovarian endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis within the ovulatory follicle, facilitating the growth of new capillaries. Moreover, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of estrogen, promoting ovarian follicular growth and development, which is essential for ovulation. Furthermore, LH signaling regulates oocyte meiotic maturation by reducing cyclic nucleotide levels, activating the maturation promoting factor, and inducing chromosome segregation, crucial for successful ovulation. In summary, LH orchestrates a complex interplay of cellular and molecular events necessary for the ovulation process.
How does testosterone affect aerobic performance in athletes?
5 answers
Testosterone plays a crucial role in athletic performance by enhancing muscle mass, strength, and oxygen uptake. Studies suggest that testosterone supplementation can impact aerobic performance by increasing peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and gas exchange lactate threshold during exercise. Additionally, testosterone may influence endurance performance through changes in blood parameters, potentially improving oxygen transport capacity and diffusion, thus affecting ergogenic resistance patterns. Furthermore, androgens like testosterone have been linked to increased mental drive, competitiveness, and muscle strength in both men and women, highlighting their significance in athletic endeavors. Overall, testosterone's effects on aerobic performance are multifaceted, involving physiological adaptations, behavioral mechanisms, and potential implications for endurance athletes.
How does tetosterone affect aerobic performance in athletes?
5 answers
Testosterone plays a crucial role in athletic performance, particularly in influencing aerobic capacity. Research has shown that anabolic steroids like methandrostenolone can significantly impact testosterone levels in athletes, leading to potential performance alterations. On the other hand, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), a potent androgen and progestin, has been identified as a substance used illicitly for performance enhancement, showcasing its hormonal effects without estrogenic activity. Additionally, studies on metandienone, another anabolic steroid, have demonstrated changes in haemodynamic variables in athletes, such as increased blood volume and altered cardiac function, which can indirectly affect aerobic capacity. However, when it comes to specific effects on aerobic performance, a study on oral terbutaline at supra-therapeutic doses did not show any significant improvement in aerobic parameters in healthy athletes.
What are hormonal treatments for luminal B cancers?
5 answers
Hormonal treatments for Luminal B breast cancers involve endocrine therapy combined with targeted agents like mTOR, CDK 4/6 inhibitors, and PI3K inhibitors. Luminal B tumors, characterized by high proliferation and hormone receptor expression, often require a combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for optimal treatment. Studies have shown that the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) is significantly correlated with overall survival advantage in Luminal B patients, suggesting a potential role for androgens in treatment. Additionally, the combination of androgens with PD-1 blockade has been proposed as a potential approach for treating Luminal B breast cancer, indicating a novel therapeutic strategy. Therefore, a tailored approach combining endocrine therapy with targeted agents and potentially androgens could be beneficial in managing Luminal B breast cancers.
What are hormonal treatments for luminal B breast cancers?
5 answers
Hormonal treatments for luminal B breast cancers include various strategies to overcome endocrine resistance and reduce the risk of late recurrence. High-dose fulvestrant can inhibit estrogen receptor-dependent pathways, while targeted drugs can block estrogen receptor-independent pathways. Additionally, combining androgens with PD-1 blockade shows potential for treating luminal B breast cancer, as androgen receptor levels correlate with overall survival advantage in these patients. Extended endocrine therapy, ovarian function suppression, or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors can be utilized for high-risk patients to reduce the risk of late recurrence. Overall, optimizing clinical treatment strategies by incorporating scientific research achievements is crucial in addressing the challenges of endocrine resistance and late recurrence in luminal B breast cancer.
What is the role of FOXA1 in the development and progression of prostate cancer?
5 answers
FOXA1 plays a crucial role in prostate cancer development and progression by regulating oncogenic processes through distinct mechanisms. It induces cell growth via the androgen receptor (AR) pathway while inhibiting cell motility and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through an AR-independent mechanism, thereby acting as a metastasis inhibitor. FOXA1 mutations have been identified in human prostate tumors, impacting chromatin remodeling and cell fate in prostate organoids, altering lineage differentiation programs. Additionally, FOXA1 amplifications are associated with enhanced metastatic potential in primary prostate cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer, indicating its potential as a prognostic and therapeutic target. FOXA1's active gene repression function, along with AR, contributes significantly to prostate tumorigenesis by regulating gene expression.
What is the function of the CTBP2 gene or protein?
4 answers
The CTBP2 gene or protein plays a crucial role in gene regulation and cellular survival. Research indicates that CTBP2 functions in repressing the PTEN promoter in response to androgen, highlighting its involvement in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, CTBP2 knockdown affects androgen-mediated gene induction, emphasizing its significance in early gene expression events. Moreover, CTBP2 is expressed in various cell types within the brain, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, suggesting its involvement in neuroprotection and potential therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Overall, CTBP2's functions encompass transcriptional repression, modulation of gene expression in response to androgens, and potential neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative conditions.