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Mutation breeding can be enhanced by genetic selection for novel alleles.
Mutation breeding in soybean for early maturity and high productivity in soybean can be applied to obtain some new varieties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xin Zhang, Shiu Yin Yuen 
01 May 2015
41 Citations
The directional mutation operator can be applied into any DE mutation strategy.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
13 Apr 2015
17 Citations
Considering the availability of a mutation testing tool with our suggested features, we argue that mutation testing can be used in practice.
The main findings of our analysis are (1) that traditional method-level mutation operators are not precise enough for GUI-level mutation; (2) the defined GUI-based mutation operators provide comprehensive support for GUI-level mutation; and (3) GUI-based mutation operators can be automated but are challenged by the dependencies between GUI widgets.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Birgitta Lindström, András Márki 
11 Apr 2016
17 Citations
Just as redundant mutants can give an overestimation of the mutation score for a test suite, using the reduced set of mutants can give an underestimation if used together with strong or firm mutation.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 Sep 2005
28 Citations
At the same time, the contract-based mutation using our contract mutation operators can provide almost the same ability as that of using traditional mutation operators.
Recent data have shown that individuals in poor condition can have higher mutation rates, and I argue that if both male sexual ornaments and mutation rates are condition‐dependent, then females can use male ornamentation to evaluate their mate’s mutation rate.
While conventional random mutation operator in simple GA or some other improved mutation operators can cause infeasible paths, the proposed mutation operator does not and avoids premature convergence.

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How is testing effects related to memory?
4 answers
The testing effect, a well-established phenomenon in memory research, refers to the superior memory retention achieved through retrieval practice compared to restudying alone. Studies have shown that testing enhances memory by promoting recollection, particularly in deep-processing conditions. This effect is influenced by the type of material being tested, with meaningful visual images benefiting more from retrieval-mediated learning than abstract shapes. Furthermore, the testing effect can modify and strengthen memories through online retrieval and reactivation, even during sleep, impacting both tested and untested information. Overall, the testing effect is a powerful tool for improving memory retention efficiently and effectively, making it a valuable strategy for learning and long-term memory enhancement.
How is the Apple Watches distinct from Apple Watch Ultra?
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The Apple Watch Ultra differs from the Apple Watch in several key aspects. The Apple Watch Ultra features a watch casing with air channels for improved air circulation, while the Apple Watch sets new benchmarks in design but at the expense of high engineering costs. Additionally, the Apple Watch Ultra's irregular rhythm notification (IRN) feature is FDA cleared for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) in individuals without a history of AF, making it increasingly used for AF management. In contrast, the Apple Watch's distinct limb mutation of a Cortland apple tree results in earlier fruit color development and a higher percentage of red coloration compared to the Cortland apple tree.
What is genetic diversity?
5 answers
Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic characteristics present within a population. It encompasses differences between species, breeds within species, and individuals within breeds, which can be measured directly at the DNA level. This diversity is crucial for natural and artificial selection processes aimed at adaptation and improved performance in livestock and companion animals. Genetic diversity serves as the raw material for natural selection to enable populations to adapt to changing environments. Various breeding methods can enhance genetic diversity, such as those promoting multigenic resistance in multiline varieties to disperse and dilute pests, thus contributing to race diversity. Understanding genetic diversity is essential for conservation efforts and informed management decisions for both wild and captive populations.
What is test diffination? based on article?
5 answers
A test can be defined as a crucial process in various fields, such as software development, circuit testing, and soil reinforcement. In software testing, the generation of extensive test suites leads to challenges in execution efficiency. Similarly, in VLSI circuit testing, power dissipation and test application time are significant concerns, necessitating effective test set selection and compression techniques. Moreover, in the context of physical testing, a test reaction device is designed for microbial grouting to reinforce sandy soil under controlled conditions, enhancing sampling performance and uniformity. Additionally, a method and apparatus are proposed for comparing control and test articles to support products or services efficiently based on end-user responses. These diverse applications highlight the importance of testing in ensuring quality, efficiency, and reliability across different domains.
What is genetic diversity?
5 answers
Genetic diversity refers to the variation in genetic characteristics within a population. It is crucial for species diversity, ecosystem health, and adaptation to changing environments. Genetic diversity can be observed at different levels, from differences between species and breeds to variations within individuals. This diversity is measured by the number of actual variations present in a population, reflecting the potential for adaptation and evolution. Genetic diversity is essential for natural and artificial selection processes, aiding in the development of improved performance and adaptation to environmental changes. Molecular genetic techniques have been instrumental in quantifying genetic diversity and guiding management decisions for both wild and captive populations. Efforts to conserve genetic diversity are crucial for the long-term survival and sustainability of species and ecosystems.
What genetic mutations are more responsitve to lenalidomide or rituximab therapy in CNSL patients?
5 answers
Genetic mutations that may influence response to lenalidomide or rituximab therapy in CNSL patients include TP53 mutations, unmutated IGHV, and del(17p). In the context of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), mutations in genes like TET2, TP53, and mutation burden have been associated with response to hypomethylating agents, including lenalidomide. Furthermore, in higher-risk MDS patients, mutations in genes such as ASXL1, TET2, RUNX1, and SRSF2 were linked to response to azacitidine and lenalidomide therapy, with a specific mutated cluster affecting PIK3CD, AKT3, and PLCG2 genes associated with loss of response. Additionally, somatic myeloid mutations were investigated in patients with mantle cell lymphoma treated with lenalidomide-based therapy, highlighting the impact on hematopoietic clones. These findings collectively suggest that specific genetic mutations can influence the response to lenalidomide or rituximab therapy in CNSL patients.
Is the S?
4 answers
The S-100 protein, particularly S-100b, serves as a potential biological marker for various conditions. It is found in the brain, muscle, heart, kidney, fatty cells, melanocytes, and Langherans cells. This protein is implicated in inflammatory degenerative diseases, cerebrovascular illnesses, and neurological conditions like encephalitis and multiple sclerosis. While S-100b is explored as a marker for brain and peripheral damage in HIV-infected patients, other studies focus on different biological markers for diseases like multiple sclerosis, where no single marker is yet deemed sufficient for individual patient monitoring. Additionally, biomarkers are crucial for assessing health effects due to environmental exposure, aiding in evaluating toxic effects on various organs. These markers play a vital role in diagnosing diseases, assessing risks, and monitoring disease progression.
Why mutation rate is higher in mtDNA than nDNA?
5 answers
The higher mutation rate in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) compared to nuclear DNA (nDNA) can be attributed to various factors. Studies suggest that mtDNA mutation rates are influenced by oxidative damage, with an abundance of CG→AT transversions supporting this hypothesis. Additionally, the male mtDNA mutation rate is significantly higher than the female rate, possibly due to increased cell divisions during male gametogenesis. Furthermore, mtDNA mutations are associated with a pan-lineage transcriptional program, indicating functional disruptions across various cancers. The variability in mutation rates among animal taxa also plays a role, with different ratios of mtDNA to nDNA mutation rates observed across species. These combined factors contribute to the higher mutation rate in mtDNA compared to nDNA.
Is population density increasing bacterial mutation rates?
5 answers
Population density has a significant impact on bacterial mutation rates. Research shows that high population density can lead to a decrease in mutation rates due to density-associated mutation-rate plasticity (DAMP). This relationship is supported by findings across various organisms, indicating up to a 23-fold lower mutation rate at higher population densities. The fitness effects of mutations are also influenced by population size and density, with gene-specific variations observed in response to different densities. Moreover, stress-induced mutagenesis, which increases mutation rates in response to stress, can be affected by population dynamics, as sub-inhibitory stress levels inducing death events can impact mutation rate estimations. Therefore, population density plays a crucial role in modulating bacterial mutation rates, highlighting the intricate interplay between ecological factors and genetic variability.
When hiring a Sous Chef, what kind of testing methods should use?
5 answers
When hiring a Sous Chef, utilizing automated testing methods tailored to the culinary field can be beneficial. These methods can involve testing the candidate's ability to follow recipes accurately and efficiently, similar to how automated tools test the convergence of system states in Infrastructure as Code (IaC). Additionally, incorporating fast sensory methods can help assess the candidate's sensory skills in a cost-effective manner, especially when dealing with the preparation of complex dishes. Furthermore, considering the importance of precise preparation techniques in culinary tasks, employing rapid sample preparation methods like those used in genetic studies can ensure the candidate's proficiency in handling intricate cooking processes. By amalgamating these diverse testing approaches, hiring managers can comprehensively evaluate a Sous Chef's technical skills, attention to detail, and adaptability in a culinary setting.
What are the most common challenges faced during the process of transforming BDD scenarios into test cases?
5 answers
Transforming BDD scenarios into test cases poses several challenges. One common issue is the lack of precision in BDD scenarios written in human language, leading to incomplete tests that cover only a small part of the system. Additionally, inconsistencies may arise between BDD stories and other software artifacts, impacting requirements representation and synchronization. Furthermore, the quality of automatically generated test scenarios from formal models is a concern, with factors like data cohesion, coverage, fault detection ability, and test suite size needing improvement. Overcoming these challenges requires enhancing the precision of BDD scenarios, ensuring consistency with other artifacts, and developing effective methods for generating high-quality test scenarios from formal models.