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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Hongzhi Guo, Zhi Sun 
01 Dec 2016
18 Citations
Meanwhile, the enhanced wireless channel can provide much better signal strength.
The increased signal strength yields higher signal quality, a feature important in many applications.
Open accessProceedings ArticleDOI
06 Jun 2011
2 Citations
Clearly, reception quality can be improved by increasing signal strength.
Utilising auxiliary signal strength measurements can improve performance when measurement noise is present.
Signal-strength averaging can help, but there are two restrictive factors.
Based on our observations, we propose a predictive scheduling algorithm that: (i) selects the right set of signal strength traces based on its location, (ii) applies a filter to smooth out signal strengths and hide abrupt changes, (iii) digitizes the signal strength to “good” and “bad” areas, and (iv) schedules transmissions based on power-throughput characteristics to optimize the transmission energy efficiency.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Dennis R. Morgan, Zhengxiang Ma 
01 Dec 2012
15 Citations
This technique has application wherever it is desired to boost signal strength in outlying areas of cell coverage, particularly inside homes and buildings.
As a consequence, the signal strength can be used for location positioning with the limitation on the distance.
The general answer is that signals are costly, and only the best individuals can afford to signal strength.
Furthermore, we show how transmitter power weighting (i. e., certain transmitters have higher output power than others) can improve the signal-to-cochannel-interference ratio for the novel cellular systems.

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What are commercial Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna?
4 answers
Commercial Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (CRPAs) are advanced antenna systems used in satellite navigation applications. These antennas, such as Digital Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (DCRPAs), are designed to optimize reception by adjusting the antenna pattern to minimize interference and enhance signal strength. CRPAs can feature arrays with different dielectrics to improve reception sensitivity. However, traditional planar CRPA arrays may suffer from limited null resolution at low elevation angles. To address this, novel solutions like utilizing concentric dual-mode circular microstrip antenna elements have been proposed to achieve better angular availability and nulling performance in compact arrays. Overall, commercial CRPAs offer enhanced reception capabilities and improved signal quality for satellite navigation systems.
Can a receiver use CRPA on passive elements?
4 answers
Yes, a receiver can utilize Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) technology on passive elements. Passive radars benefit from lower costs and the use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. CRPA arrays can be designed with high-dielectric ceramic superstrates for dual-band operation, enhancing bore-sight gain. CRPAs are effective in rejecting interference and enhancing GNSS signal power, with the potential to be implemented without prior information, using inexpensive COTS antennas arranged in various layouts. Furthermore, CRPA technology has been successfully implemented in a low-cost commercial setting using COTS components and Software-Defined Radio (SDR) design philosophy, demonstrating improved performance under jamming conditions. Therefore, receivers can indeed leverage CRPA technology on passive elements for enhanced anti-jamming capabilities and improved signal reception.
What is the measured peak gain for 4-elements antenna array GNSS?
4 answers
The measured peak gain for a 4-element antenna array in GNSS applications varies based on the specific design. In the provided contexts, different designs showcase varying peak gains. For instance, a circular array with 4 miniaturized dipole elements exhibits a gain of 10.5 dBi, while a four-element array with corner truncations and slits achieves a gain of 3.32 dB. Additionally, a four-element spiral array demonstrates greater than 1 dBic peak realized gain, and a miniature conformal array maintains greater than 1.5 dBic RHCP gain. These variations highlight the diversity in peak gain measurements across different 4-element antenna array designs for GNSS applications.
What is the measured peak gain for 5-elements antenna array GNSS?
4 answers
The measured peak gain for a 5-elements antenna array in GNSS applications varies based on the design and frequency bands. In the research papers analyzed, different designs achieved peak gains at specific frequencies. Seo et al. proposed a five-element planar array antenna with bore-sight gains ranging from 0.37 dBic to 2.08 dBic for L1 band and 0.57 dBic to 5.33 dBic for L2 band. Wiedemer introduced a miniaturized 5-elements array GPS microstrip antenna with an average gain of -4.62 dBi in the yz-plane and -3.58 dBi in the xz-plane. Kasemodel et al. designed a four-element spiral array with greater than 1 dBic peak realized gain across 1100-1600 MHz. Each of these studies showcases different peak gain values achieved by innovative antenna array designs for GNSS applications.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using array antennas with different geometries in wireless communication systems?
5 answers
Array antennas with different geometries offer various advantages and disadvantages in wireless communication systems. Linear arrays, as observed in, generally outperform other geometries due to their superior interference performance. However, optimizing array geometries is crucial to reduce side lobe levels and enhance directivity. For instance, directional wideband single antenna elements can help reduce mutual coupling and channel correlation in massive MIMO systems, improving overall system performance. Moreover, the choice of geometry impacts the radiation pattern characteristics, such as Half Power Beam Width and total gain, affecting the antenna's performance. Therefore, selecting the appropriate array geometry is essential to achieve optimal system performance in wireless communication networks.
How does the choice of array antenna geometry affect the accuracy and reliability of GNSS reception?
4 answers
The choice of array antenna geometry significantly impacts the accuracy and reliability of GNSS reception. Different antenna configurations, such as compact arrays with mutual coupling or ring antenna arrays, play a crucial role in mitigating errors and enhancing precision. For instance, ring antenna arrays offer advantages like invariance to the main lobe direction, contributing to stable reception performance. Additionally, the use of signal pre-processing schemes for coupled antenna arrays can compensate for space-frequency responses, reducing delays and errors introduced by antenna characteristics. Furthermore, studies have shown that antenna orientation and polarization affect signal strength and multipath interference, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate elevation angles for optimal reception accuracy. Ultimately, the careful selection of array antenna geometry is essential for achieving high accuracy and reliability in GNSS reception.
What is the impact of array antenna topology on GNSS ground station performance?
5 answers
The impact of array antenna topology on GNSS ground station performance is significant. Array antennas offer benefits such as improved directivity, radiation pattern control, and beam steering capabilities, crucial for applications like GNSS and radar. However, the physical size of the array can affect anti-jamming performance in GNSS systems, with smaller arrays showing decreased ability to degrade radio frequency interferences, especially in the presence of multiple interferences. Additionally, the performance of an isolated antenna within an array can differ due to mutual coupling and electromagnetic diffraction, necessitating compensation techniques to mitigate these differences and ensure optimal GNSS signal reception. By considering these factors, selecting the appropriate array antenna topology is crucial for enhancing GNSS ground station performance.
Moisture content of oil ?
4 answers
The moisture content of oil is a critical parameter in various industrial processes, impacting oil quality and production efficiency. Different studies have proposed innovative methods for measuring moisture content in oil. One approach involves utilizing high-frequency electromagnetic signals sensitive to dielectric constants of oil and water to optimize measurement accuracy. Another study introduces a device using terahertz imaging technology for nondestructive testing of moisture content in dielectric oil, emphasizing high accuracy and automation. Additionally, a new technology based on single-chip microcomputers offers automatic and precise moisture content detection in crude oil, enhancing production management and efficiency. These diverse approaches highlight the importance of accurate moisture content measurement in oil-related industries for quality control and operational optimization.
How has the understanding of the photoelectric effect influenced the development of international space station?
5 answers
The understanding of the photoelectric effect has influenced the development of the International Space Station (ISS) by impacting the evaluation of optoelectronic devices for space radiation environments. Additionally, the photoelectron emission from antenna surfaces has been considered in the analysis of antenna impedance, affecting the design of electric field antennas for plasma wave investigations on scientific spacecraft. This understanding is crucial for assessing the impact of energetic particles radiation and extreme temperature on space structures like the ISS solar arrays, emphasizing the need for accurate prediction of natural frequencies and mode shapes for structural adequacy and control system design. Furthermore, the application of high-voltage power generation and transmission techniques in Space Solar Power Stations (SSPS) is influenced by the photoelectric effect, particularly in managing deep dielectric charging issues in insulation structures.
How has the understanding of photoelectirc effect influence the international space station?
5 answers
The understanding of the photoelectric effect has significantly influenced the International Space Station (ISS) in various ways. Research has shown that photoelectron effects impact the impedance of electric field antennas used for plasma wave investigations on spacecraft. Additionally, the interaction of high-voltage solar cell arrays with plasma generates electric and magnetic fields that are challenging to control, contributing to the complexity of the space station environment. Furthermore, accurate predictions for power generation from photovoltaic arrays (PVAs) on the ISS are crucial for mission planning and certification, highlighting the importance of considering both front and backside power generation under different illumination conditions. Overall, the insights gained from studying the photoelectric effect have enhanced the operational understanding and performance optimization of key systems on the International Space Station.
What is adjustable sports net research paper?
5 answers
An adjustable sports net is a versatile equipment that allows for various sports to be played in a single stadium or space. It can be operated using different mechanisms such as gear and rack, wire and electric motor, chain and gear, antenna principle, magnets, or hydraulic/pneumatic apparatus. These nets can provide a ball rebounding flat or nearly flat target area surrounded by a larger rebound net area, with adjustable features to fit within different available spaces and allow for setting up at various distances and angles. Additionally, an adjustable sports net system includes ground anchors, standard assemblies, elastic guy line assemblies, and adjustable net fabric that can absorb impact energy and return to a nominal position, ensuring safety and cost-effectiveness. Another innovation is a portable variable sport net that changes sizes to accommodate different ball games, with features like collets, rollers, net, support, and pillars for easy adjustment and enjoyment of various sports.