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Results show that battery integration can improve system performance and that the effect of fuel cell degradation reduces the electricity production.
These parameters can be weakly informative about cell state, particularly as cells age, and contribute to over-conservative utilization and oversizing of a battery pack.
Cell-to-cell variations can drastically affect the performance and the reliability of battery packs.
Meanwhile, a deep discharge of a battery in such case can also accelerate the battery degradation and eventually contribute to a higher battery replacement cost.
The results show that the battery performance of the repeatedly bent cell was similar to that of the conventional cell.
The lifetime of rechargeable zinc-air battery can be extended by electrolyte flow or battery structure optimization.
This second order battery model can cope the transient behaviors of the LiFePO4 cell sufficiently.
Through a case study, we show, for two different battery technologies, that we can substantially reduce battery degradation when we incorporate a battery degradation model.
The novel distributed battery cell monitoring and management concept presented in this paper allows a significant reduction of the final battery pack costs.
This method can provide a new thinking to battery recycling, which can be also applied to other battery wastes.
The smart battery cell monitoring presented in this article enables further cost reduction.
We propose a novel battery management concept based on a cell-wise monitoring of the battery.
We hope the proposed multi-cell battery scheme opens up a new direction towards battery lifetime improvement in mobile devices.
The methodology can be further used to analyze the status change of cell variations in a battery pack caused by all kinds of temperature non-uniformities, benefiting the design of battery management system with high efficiency of energy utilization.
We also show that the lifetime characteristics of a mobile phone battery is typically determined more by storage deterioration than by cycle deterioration within the pattern of the mobile phone.
Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed design can significantly enhance the multi-cell battery operating time and useable capacity.

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